ReviewEndocrine reviews2019
Realizing a Closed-Loop (Artificial Pancreas) System for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-Time AI-Assisted Insulin Titration System for Glucose Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Automated Insulin Delivery with SGLT2i Combination Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Lived Experience of Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Versus Hybrid Closed-Loop: Patient-Reported Outcomes and Perspectives.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2021Trial
- Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart Use with the MiniMedDiabetes technology & therapeutics · 2021Trial
- Artificial Pancreas and Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: From Early Concepts to AI-Driven Diabetes Automation.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Insulin Administration and Technological Advances in Diabetes Mellitus: Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Study of insulin infusion in diabetic rats with an ultra-low-cost insulin pump for managing blood glucose levels.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Intermittent Low-Magnitude Pressure Applied Across Macroencapsulation Devices Enables Physiological Insulin Delivery Dynamics.Diabetes · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of open-source Android artificial pancreas systems for glucose management in patients with type 1 diabetes: a real-world study.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Augmenting clinicians' analytical workflow through task-based integration of data visualizations and algorithmic insights: a user-centered design study.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- Personalized and predictive strategies for diabetic foot ulcer prevention and therapeutic management: potential improvements through introducing Artificial Intelligence and wearable technology.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2024Review
- Unmet needs in the treatment of type 1 diabetes: why is it so difficult to achieve an improvement in metabolic control?Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Review
- [Position paper: Open-source technology in the treatment of people living with diabetes mellitus-an Austrian perspective : Technology Committee of the Austrian Diabetes Association].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Article
- Article
- Accuracy of an Off-Label Transmitter and Data Manager Paired With an Intermittent Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitor in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- The artificial pancreas: two alternative approaches to achieve a fully closed-loop system with optimal glucose control.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Review
- Performance Effect of Adjusting Insulin Sensitivity for Model-Based Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Article
- Observational
- The changing landscape of automated insulin delivery in the management of type 1 diabetes.Endocrine connections · 2023Review
- Updates on Glycaemic Control Strategies: A Range of Opportunities after Total Pancreatectomy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent, rapid changes in the treatment of type 1 diabetes have allowed for commercialization of an "artificial pancreas" that is better described as a closed-loop controller of insulin delivery. This review presents the current state of closed-loop control systems and expected future developments with a discussion of the human factor issues in allowing automation of glucose control. The goal of these systems is to minimize or prevent both short-term and long-term complications from diabetes and to decrease the daily burden of managing diabetes. The closed-loop systems are generally very effective and safe at night, have allowed for improved sleep, and have decreased the burden of diabetes management overnight. However, there are still significant barriers to achieving excellent daytime glucose control while simultaneously decreasing the burden of daytime diabetes management. These systems use a subcutaneous continuous glucose sensor, an algorithm that accounts for the current glucose and rate of change of the glucose, and the amount of insulin that has already been delivered to safely deliver insulin to control hyperglycemia, while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. The future challenge will be to allow for full closed-loop control with minimal burden on the patient during the day, alleviating meal announcements, carbohydrate counting, alerts, and maintenance. The human factors involved with interfacing with a closed-loop system and allowing the system to take control of diabetes management are significant. It is important to find a balance between enthusiasm and realistic expectations and experiences with the closed-loop system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.