ArticleCardiovascular diagnosis and therapy2019
Accuracy of wearable heart rate monitors in cardiac rehabilitation.
Article in Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 68 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Chest-Worn Sensors in Cardiac Assessment: Technologies, Advantages, and Limitations.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Accuracy and Precision of Energy Expenditure, Heart Rate, and Steps Measured by Combined-Sensing Fitbits Against Reference Measures: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Pooled it
- Does Connected Health Technology Improve Health-Related Outcomes in Rural Cardiac Populations? Systematic Review Narrative Synthesis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Smart Electrically Assisted Bicycles as Health Monitoring Systems: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Recommendations for determining the validity of consumer wearable heart rate devices: expert statement and checklist of the INTERLIVE Network.British journal of sports medicine · 2021Guideline
- Cardiac telerehabilitation in a middle-income country: analysis of adherence, effectiveness and cost through a randomized clinical trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Trial
- Home-based cardiac rehabilitation using information and communication technology for heart failure patients with frailty.ESC heart failure · 2022Trial
- Assessing the Feasibility of Wearable Devices for Physiological Monitoring and Heat Risk Prediction in Outdoor Agricultural Workers.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Article
- The Representation of Different Populations in Studies Assessing the Validity of Consumer Wearable Photoplethysmography-Based Measurements: Scoping Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Advances and Challenges in Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Review
- Comparison of heart rate measurement accuracy among commercially available photoplethysmography-based wearable devices across exercise intensities.Physical activity and nutrition · 2026Article
- A Speed-Dependent Assessment of E-Textile-Based Sensor Technology: Validity of the Prevayl Wearable Heart Rate Monitor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- PPG-Based Heart Rate Accuracy in Hispanic Adults with Fitzpatrick III-V Skin Tones: An Evaluation of Body Composition and Skin-Tone Effects.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Accuracy of heart rate measurement using AirPods Pro 3 during graded treadmill exercise: A laboratory-based validation study.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Using an Adult-Designed Wearable for Pediatric Monitoring: Practical Tutorial and Application in School-Aged Children With Obesity.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Influence of skin pigmentation on the accuracy and data quality of photoplethysmographic heart rate measurement during exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- The accuracy of Apple Watch measurements: a living systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Heart Rate Estimation Using FMCW Radar: A Two-Stage Method Evaluated for In-Vehicle Applications.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Optimization and pre-use suitability selection for wrist photoplethysmography-based heart rate monitoring in patients with cardiac disease.European heart journal. Digital health · 2025Article
- Real-Time Monitoring of Biometric Responses During a 200-km Ultra-Endurance Race Across the Desert.European journal of sport science · 2025Observational
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo assess the accuracy of four wearable heart rate (HR) monitors in patients with established cardiovascular disease enrolled in phase II or III cardiac rehabilitation (CR).
methodsEighty adult patients enrolled in phase II or III CR were monitored during a CR session that included exercise on a treadmill and/or stationary cycle. Participants underwent HR monitoring with standard ECG limb leads, an electrocardiographic (ECG) chest strap monitor (Polar H7), and two randomly assigned wrist-worn HR monitors (Apple Watch, Fitbit Blaze, Garmin Forerunner 235, TomTom Spark Cardio), one on each wrist. HR was recorded at rest and at 3, 5, and 7 minutes of steady-state exercise on the treadmill and stationary cycle.
resultsAcross all exercise conditions, the chest strap monitor (Polar H7) had the best agreement with ECG (r
conclusionsIn cardiac patients, the accuracy of wearable, optically based HR monitors varies, and none of those tested was as accurate as an electrode-containing chest monitor. This observation has implications for in-home CR, as electrode-containing chest monitors should be used when accurate HR measurement is imperative.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.