ReviewBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2019
Visual assessment of movement quality in the single leg squat test: a review and meta-analysis of inter-rater and intrarater reliability.
Review in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond muscle activation: the role of biomechanical properties of muscles in determining dynamic knee valgus in female volleyball players.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Smartphone-Based Interpretable Machine Learning for Classifying Single-Leg Squat Performance Using Trunk, Pelvic, and Knee Kinematics: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- The reliability and validity of a visual analog scale for rating the single leg squat test.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Impact of Biomechanical, Anthropometric, and Temporal Factors on the Return-to-Sport Rate in Recreational Athletes with ACL Reconstruction: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessment of Pelvic Motion During Single-Leg Weight-Bearing Tasks Using Smartphone Sensors: Validity Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2025Article
- Effect of modified progressive Copenhagen exercise versus sliding hip exercise in adjunct to conventional physiotherapy on strength, core stability and agility in futsal athletes: a study protocol for randomised controlled trial.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Males with patellofemoral pain have altered movements during step-down and single-leg squatting tasks compared to asymptomatic males: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Factors associated with the Single Leg Squat test in female soccer players: a cross-sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Automatic assessment of infant carrying and holding using at-home wearable recordings.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Clinical Utility of Qualitative Change of Direction Movement Assessment in ACL Injury Risk Evaluation.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2024Article
- Evaluation of hop test movement quality to enhance return to sport testing. A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Forward step down test - clinical rating is correlated with joint angles of the pelvis and hip: an observational study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Observational
- Article
- The effects of technological and traditional feedback on back squat performance in untrained women.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Validity and inter-rater reliability of ankle motion observed during a single leg squat.PeerJ · 2022Article
- Forefoot Injuries in Athletes: Integration of the Movement System.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2022Article
- Visual assessment of movement quality: a study on intra- and interrater reliability of a multi-segmental single leg squat test.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Impaired motor control after sport-related concussion could increase risk for musculoskeletal injury: Implications for clinical management and rehabilitation.Journal of sport and health science · 2021Review
- Visual assessment of dynamic knee joint alignment in patients with patellofemoral pain: an agreement study.PeerJ · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Single leg squat (SLS) is a common tool used in clinical examination to set and evaluate rehabilitation goals, but also to assess lower extremity function in active people.
objectivesTo conduct a review and meta-analysis on the inter-rater and intrarater reliability of the SLS, including the lateral step-down (LSD) and forward step-down (FSD) tests.
designReview with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline (OVID) and Web of Science was searched up until December 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were methodological studies which assessed the inter-rater and/or intrarater reliability of the SLS, FSD and LSD through observation of movement quality.
resultsThirty-one studies were included. The reliability varied largely between studies (inter-rater: kappa/intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) = 0.00-0.95; intrarater: kappa/ICC = 0.13-1.00), but most of the studies reached 'moderate' measures of agreement. The pooled results of ICC/kappa showed a 'moderate' agreement for inter-rater reliability, 0.58 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.65), and a 'substantial' agreement for intrarater reliability, 0.68 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.74). Subgroup analyses showed a higher pooled agreement for inter-rater reliability of ≤3-point rating scales while no difference was found for different numbers of segmental assessments.
conclusionOur findings indicate that the SLS test including the FSD and LSD tests can be suitable for clinical use regardless of number of observed segments and particularly with a ≤3-point rating scale. Since most of the included studies were affected with some form of methodological bias, our findings must be interpreted with caution.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018077822.
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