ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2019
Sex Hormones and Gender Role Relate to Gray Matter Volumes in Sexually Dimorphic Brain Areas.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormonal contraceptives and the brain: A systematic review on 60 years of neuroimaging, EEG, and biochemical studies in humans and animals.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- The Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives on the Brain: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Pooled it
- Does Gender Influence the Relationship Between High Blood Pressure and Dementia? Highlighting Areas for Further Investigation.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of oral contraceptive pills on mood and magnetic resonance imaging measures of prefrontal cortical thickness.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Adolescent Hormonal Contraceptive Use in the Context of Brain Development and Depression Risk: A Review and Considerations for Future Research.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Sex versus Gender Role Endorsement Associations With White Matter Microstructure in South African Adults: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Sex differences in global metrics of brain size across the lifespan.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Inter- and intra-individual differences in brain sex map to neuroendocrine profiles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- An atlas of age- and sex-related volumetric alterations of grey matter in subcortical regions: The case of 46,111 UK Biobank participants.Mechanisms of ageing and development · 2025Article
- Article
- Is Being Male a Marker of Aggression? Evidence for the Decoupling of Sex and Gender Role Orientation.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Modeling brain sex in the limbic system as phenotype for female-prevalent mental disorders.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Sex, gender diversity, and brain structure in early adolescence.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- Time-sensitive changes in the maternal brain and their influence on mother-child attachment.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Neuroanatomical correlates of aggressiveness: a case-control voxel- and surface-based morphometric study.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, sex hormones and cognitive decline in male patients with schizophrenia receiving continuous antipsychotic therapy.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Causal effects of serum testosterone levels on brain volume: a sex-stratified Mendelian randomization study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Morphologic alterations of the fear circuitry: the role of sex hormones and oral contraceptives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Weak associations between personality and contraceptive choice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- A Year Through the COVID-19 Pandemic: Deleterious Impact of Hormonal Contraception on Psychological Distress in Women.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The present study investigates the relationship of circulating sex hormone levels and gender role to gray matter volumes in sexually dimorphic brain areas and explores, whether these relationships are modulated by biological sex (as assigned at birth based on sexual anatomy) or oral contraceptive (OC) use. It was hypothesized that testosterone and masculinity relate positively to gray matter volumes in areas that are typically larger in men, like the hippocampus or cerebellum, while estradiol/progesterone and femininity relate positively to gray matter volumes in the frontal cortex. To that end, high resolution structural MRI scans, sex hormone levels and gender role self-assessments were obtained in a large sample 89 men, 89 naturally cycling (NC) women, and 60 OC users. Men showed larger regional gray matter volumes than women in the cerebellum and bilateral clusters spanning the putamen and parts of the hippocampi/parahippocampi and fusiform gyri. In accordance with our hypotheses, a significant positive association of testosterone to hippocampal volumes was observed in women irrespective of OC use. Participant's self-reported femininity was significantly positively associated with gray matter volumes in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in men. In addition several differences between OC-users and NC women were identified.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.