ArticlePediatric obesity2019
Gestational diabetes exposure and adiposity outcomes in childhood and adolescence: An analysis of effect modification by breastfeeding, diet quality, and physical activity in the EPOCH study.
Article in Pediatric obesity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The maternal diet index in pregnancy is associated with offspring allergic diseases: the Healthy Start study.Allergy · 2022Pooled it
- Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Sugary Beverage Intakes in Youth.Pediatric obesity · 2026Article
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Glycemic Management Trajectories, and Offspring Growth Patterns and Obesity Risk.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Fetal exposure to gestational diabetes severity and postnatal infant feeding in the first year of life associated with preadolescent obesity: a prospective cohort.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- Is Breastfeeding an Effective Approach to Reduce Metabolic Risk After GDM in Mothers and Infants?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Gestational diabetes mellitus, epigenetic age and offspring metabolism.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2022Article
- Breastfeeding may benefit cardiometabolic health of children exposed to increased gestational glycemia in utero.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Examining Associations Between Dietary Inflammatory Index in Pregnancy, Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Levels at Birth, and Offspring Asthma and/or Wheeze by Age 4 Years.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2021Article
- Sex steroids and adiposity in a prospective observational cohort of youth.Obesity science & practice · 2021Article
- Association Between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Gestational Diabetes-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2021Review
- Twenty years of pediatric diabetes surveillance: what do we know and why it matters.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2021Review
- Association of infant diet with subsequent obesity at 2-5 years among children exposed to gestational diabetes: the SWIFT study.Diabetologia · 2021Article
- Incidence and timing of offspring asthma, wheeze, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy and association with maternal history of asthma and allergic rhinitis.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2021Article
- Osteoprotegerin, interleukin and hepatocyte growth factor for prediction of diabetes and hypertension in the third trimester of pregnancy.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Article
- Persistent effects of in utero overnutrition on offspring adiposity: the Exploring Perinatal Outcomes among Children (EPOCH) study.Diabetologia · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes (GDM) is associated with increased adiposity; however, not all offspring exposed to GDM exhibit excess adiposity.
objectivesExamine whether optimal diet and activity behaviours in infancy, childhood, and adolescence modify the association between GDM exposure and adiposity.
methodsIn 564 offspring (84 exposed to GDM), we assessed breastfeeding (maternal recall), dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire), physical activity (3-day recall), and adiposity (BMI, waist-to-height ratio, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and subscapular-to-triceps skinfold ratio) at 10.4 (SD, 1.5) and 16.7 (SD, 1.2) years. Optimal behaviours were defined as >6 breastmilk months, Healthy Eating Index score >60, and daily vigorous activity >1 hour. Linear mixed models assessed the association between GDM exposure and adiposity among those with optimal versus suboptimal health behaviours, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and pubertal status.
resultsGDM exposure was associated with increased skinfold ratio, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue among those with <6 breastmilk months (all Ps < .05), but only associated with increased skinfold ratio among those with >6 breastmilk months (P = .01). GDM exposure was associated with increases in all adiposity measures among those with Healthy Eating Index scores <60 (P < .01), but not those with scores >60 (P > .10). GDM exposure was associated with increased BMI and subcutaneous adipose tissue among those with >1 hour of vigorous activity (P < .05) but not among those with <1 hour of vigorous activity (P > .30).
conclusionsThe association of GDM exposure with excess adiposity is attenuated in offspring with more optimal diet and activity behaviours in infancy, childhood, and adolescence.
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