ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2019
Caregiving can be costly: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to conducting kangaroo mother care in a US tertiary hospital neonatal intensive care unit.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diverse Parental Experiences of Kangaroo Care in Neonatal Units Across Healthcare Systems: A Meta-Synthesis.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of post discharge Kangaroo mother care with and without telephone advice on anthropometric indexes of preterm newborns: a randomized clinical trial.BMC pediatrics · 2025Trial
- 'I Did Not Know We Could Exercise This Small Premature Baby': Challenges Experienced by Parents While Implementing Early Intervention for Their Preterm Infants-A Qualitative Perspective.Child: care, health and development · 2025Trial
- Financial Support to Medicaid-Eligible Mothers Increases Caregiving for Preterm Infants.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Trial
- Social and structural disparities in family presence and engagement in the NICU.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Immersive physical and occupational therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit: a non-randomized comparative cohort trial protocol.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Article
- Unrecognized and Unheard: Experiences of Black Mothers Navigating the "Good NICU Mother" Ideal Across the Preterm Birth Continuum.Research square · 2026Article
- Assessing preterm risk via label-free, multiparametric imaging of collagen fiber remodeling in the cervix.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Tiny babies, big bills: the vital role of the NICU in sustaining lives and health systems.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- A quality improvement initiative to increase family engagement and reduce disparities in visitation via telehealth in a level III neonatal intensive care unit.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Skin-to-skin contact in neonatal intensive care units: a narrative review of implementation challenges and strategies within infant- and family-centered care.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Perceived Control in the NICU: Implications for Maternal Mental Health and Parenting in the NICU.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- Kangaroo Method Care: Benefits, Proponents and Barriers: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Studying the Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Education in Teaching Ugandan Mothers to Monitor Their Hospitalised Infant.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Promoting Equity in Parent Presence and Participation in Neonatal Intensive Care: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Parents' Experiences With an Early Behavioral Intervention, H-HOPE, in the NICU and at Home: A Qualitative Study.Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses · 2025Article
- The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Establishment of a Ronald McDonald House on Skin-to-Skin Times in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Direct, non-medical out-of-pocket expenditures for mothers of moderate or late preterm infants in a level II NICU: Comparison of Alberta Family Integrated Care versus standard care.PEC innovation · 2025Article
- Lack of Parental Visitation as a Symptom, Not a Diagnosis: The Impact of Social Drivers of Health in the NICU.NeoReviews · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreterm birth is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five and often requires a newborn to have an extended stay in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Maternal engagement, such as visiting the NICU to provide kangaroo mother care (KMC), can improve outcomes for preterm infants but requires significant investment of time and resources. This study sought to understand barriers and facilitators to provision of KMC in the NICU.
methodsWe conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with mothers of preterm infants (N = 20) at a large academic medical center in Massachusetts. A series of open-ended interview questions were designed to elicit all aspects of mothers' experiences and to understand how these experiences influence provision of KMC. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis to identify themes in the data with a focus on the barriers and facilitators of KMC provision in the NICU.
resultsFindings show that engaging in KMC is heavily influenced by the mental, emotional, and physical effects of preterm birth on the birth mother, such as stress around preterm birth and difficulty recovering from birth. These challenges are compounded by structural barriers such as costly accommodations, unreliable transportation, lack of child care, and inadequate maternity leave policies that limit the frequency and duration of KMC and parental ability to provide care.
conclusionsA complex array of mental, emotional, physical, and structural factors determine a mother's ability to visit the NICU and provide kangaroo mother care. Providing social supports, such as improved maternity leave policies and reliable hospital access through child care, accommodation, and transportation services, may address the structural barriers that inhibit KMC, reduce burdensome costs, and improve the health of mothers and their preterm infants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.