ArticleBMC microbiology2019
In vitro studies evaluating the activity of imipenem in combination with relebactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/CS/REL): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Real-World Applications of Imipenem-Cilastatin-Relebactam: Insights From a Multicenter Observational Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Imipenem/Cilastatin/Relebactam Versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Adults With Hospital-acquired or Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia (RESTORE-IMI 2 Study).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Comparison of Treatment Outcomes between Analysis Populations in the RESTORE-IMI 1 Phase 3 Trial of Imipenem-Cilastatin-Relebactam versus Colistin plus Imipenem-Cilastatin in Patients with Imipenem-Nonsusceptible Bacterial Infections.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Trial
- Molecular determinants associated with resistance to imipenem and imipenem-relebactam in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Determining the Activity of Imipenem/Relebactam Plus Aztreonam Against ConstitutiveOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Structural perspectives on clinical β-lactamase inhibitors: From mechanism to resistance.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Current and future options for the treatment of serious infections due to carbapenem-resistantClinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Structural insights into the activity of carbapenemases: understanding the mechanism of action of current inhibitors and informing the design of new carbapenem adjuvants.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Article
- Difficult-to-TreatAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- In-vitro activity of newly-developed β-lactamase inhibitors avibactam, relebactam and vaborbactam in combination with anti-pseudomonal β-lactam antibiotics against AmpC-overproducing clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Proteomic landscape of imipenem resistance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Imipenem/Cilastatin/Relebactam in infections caused by Difficult-to-Treat Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Retrospective Analysis of Real-world data in Greece.Le infezioni in medicina · 2025Article
- Multidrug ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- ESKAPE pathogens: antimicrobial resistance, epidemiology, clinical impact and therapeutics.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Efflux pump-mediated resistance to new beta lactam antibiotics in multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria.Communications medicine · 2024Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of antibiotic resistance is increasing, and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been identified as a serious threat to human health. The production of β-lactamase is a key mechanism contributing to imipenem resistance in P. aeruginosa. Relebactam is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor, active against class A and C β-lactamases, that has been shown to restore imipenem susceptibility. In a series of studies, we assessed the interaction of relebactam with key mechanisms involved in carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa and to what extent relebactam might overcome imipenem non-susceptibility.
resultsRelebactam demonstrated no intrinsic antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, had no inoculum effect, and was not subject to efflux. Enzymology studies showed relebactam is a potent (overall inhibition constant: 27 nM), practically irreversible inhibitor of P. aeruginosa AmpC. Among P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from the SMART global surveillance program (2009, n = 993; 2011, n = 1702; 2015, n = 5953; 2016, n = 6165), imipenem susceptibility rates were 68.4% in 2009, 67.4% in 2011, 70.4% in 2015, and 67.3% in 2016. With the addition of 4 μg/mL relebactam, imipenem susceptibility rates increased to 87.6, 86.0, 91.7, and 89.8%, respectively. When all imipenem-non-susceptible isolates were pooled, the addition of 4 μg/mL relebactam reduced the mode imipenem minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 8-fold (from 16 μg/mL to 2 μg/mL) among all imipenem-non-susceptible isolates. Of 3747 imipenem-non-susceptible isolates that underwent molecular profiling, 1200 (32%) remained non-susceptible to the combination imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL); 42% of these encoded class B metallo-β-lactamases, 11% encoded a class A GES enzyme, and no class D enzymes were detected. No relationship was observed between alleles of the chromosomally-encoded P. aeruginosa AmpC and IMI/REL MIC.
conclusionsIMI/REL exhibited potential in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa infections, with the exception of isolates encoding class B, some GES alleles, and class D carbapenemases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.