ArticleAnnals of neurology2019
Interleukin 9 alterations linked to alzheimer disease in african americans.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokines and immune biomarkers in neurodegeneration and cognitive function: A systematic review among individuals of African ancestry.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Pooled it
- The Caribbean-Hispanic Alzheimer's disease brain transcriptome reveals ancestry-specific disease mechanisms.Neurobiology of disease · 2023Pooled it
- Alzheimer's disease risk protein SorLA regulates ER homeostasis and lipid metabolism in human microglia, with conserved effects in neurons.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- CSF estrogens' relationships to neuroinflammatory markers and brain networks in middle-aged and older black and white women.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Article
- Analysis and interpretation of inflammatory fluid markers in Alzheimer's disease: a roadmap for standardization.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Article
- Multi-analyte proteomic analysis identifies blood-based neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular and synaptic biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Article
- Multi-analyte proteomic analysis identifies blood-based neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular and synaptic biomarkers in preclinical Alzheimer's disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Differential responses of primary neuron-secreted MCP-1 and IL-9 to type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease-associated metabolites.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Clinical and CSF single-cell profiling of post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Promoting diverse perspectives: Addressing health disparities related to Alzheimer's and all dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Innate neuroimmunity across aging and neurodegeneration: a perspective from amyloidogenic evolvability.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Common cytokine receptor gamma chain family cytokines activate MAPK, PI3K, and JAK/STAT pathways in microglia to influence Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Sensitivity of the African neuropsychology battery memory subtests and learning slopes in discriminating APOE 4 and amyloid pathology in adult individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Differential responses of primary neuron-secreted MCP-1 and IL-9 to type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease-associated metabolites.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Amyloid-β Pathology-Specific Cytokine Secretion Suppresses Neuronal Mitochondrial Metabolism.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2023Article
- Sex-based differences in effector cells of the adaptive immune system during Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Neurobiology of disease · 2023Review
- Quantification of race/ethnicity representation in Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging research in the USA: a systematic review.Communications medicine · 2023Review
- Plasma apolipoprotein E levels, isoform composition, and dimer profile in relation to plasma lipids in racially diverse patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCompared to older Caucasians, older African Americans have higher risks of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) and lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau biomarker levels. It is not known whether tau-related differences begin earlier in life or whether race modifies other AD-related biomarkers such as inflammatory proteins.
methodsWe performed multiplex cytokine analysis in a healthy middle-aged cohort with family history of AD (n = 68) and an older cohort (n = 125) with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment, or AD dementia. After determining baseline interleukin (IL)-9 level and AD-associated IL-9 change to differ according to race, we performed immunohistochemical analysis for proteins mechanistically linked to IL-9 in brains of African Americans and Caucasians (n = 38), and analyzed postmortem IL-9-related gene expression profiles in the publicly available Mount Sinai cohort (26 African Americans and 180 Caucasians).
resultsCompared to Caucasians with NC, African Americans with NC had lower CSF tau, p-Tau
interpretationBaseline and AD-associated IL-9 differences between African Americans and Caucasians point to distinct molecular phenotypes for AD according to ancestry. Genetic and nongenetic factors need to be considered in future AD research involving unique populations. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:407-418.
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Registered trials
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