ArticleNature communications2019
Mendelian randomisation analysis of the effect of educational attainment and cognitive ability on smoking behaviour.
Article in Nature communications, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review.Psychological medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Causal Links Between the Plasma Lipidome and Cognitive Performance: Targets, Pathways, and Lifestyle Influences.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Exploring the genetic overlap between substance use disorder and educational attainment.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- "Everything I do is for your own good!" Exploring the real experience of family support for cancer survivors' return-to-work in China: a qualitative study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- Dietary intake and five types of mental disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Bayesian causal graphical model for joint Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple exposures and outcomes.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Effects of educational attainment on comorbidity of pain and depression in Chinese older adults.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Implications of the genomic revolution for education research and policy.British educational research journal · 2024Article
- Genetic associations of risk behaviours and educational achievement.Communications biology · 2024Article
- The Impact of Different Intensities of Physical Activity on Serum Urate and Gout: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Genetically influenced tobacco and alcohol use behaviors impact erythroid trait variation.PloS one · 2024Article
- Vertical pleiotropy explains the heritability of social science traits.The Behavioral and brain sciences · 2023Article
- Can Intelligence Affect Alcohol-, Smoking-, and Physical Activity-Related Behaviors? A Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of Intelligence · 2023Article
- Cognitive performance protects against Alzheimer's disease independently of educational attainment and intelligence.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Does smoking cause lower educational attainment and general cognitive ability? Triangulation of causal evidence using multiple study designs.Psychological medicine · 2022Article
- Mendelian randomization.Nature reviews. Methods primers · 2022Article
- Simultaneous estimation of bi-directional causal effects and heritable confounding from GWAS summary statistics.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Testing and correcting for weak and pleiotropic instruments in two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization.Statistics in medicine · 2021Article
- Genetics of substance use disorders in the era of big data.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2021Review
- How do educational disparities in smoking develop during early life? A Swedish longitudinal study.SSM - population health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent analyses have shown educational attainment to be associated with a number of health outcomes. This association may, in part, be due to an effect of educational attainment on smoking behaviour. In this study, we apply a multivariable Mendelian randomisation design to determine whether the effect of educational attainment on smoking behaviour is due to educational attainment or general cognitive ability. We use individual data from the UK Biobank study (N = 120,050) and summary data from large GWA studies of educational attainment, cognitive ability and smoking behaviour. Our results show that more years of education are associated with a reduced likelihood of smoking that is not due to an effect of general cognitive ability on smoking behaviour. Given the considerable physical harms associated with smoking, the effect of educational attainment on smoking is likely to contribute to the health inequalities associated with differences in educational attainment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.