Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31270235›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019

Toxicity drives facilitation between 4 bacterial species.

Philippe Piccardi, Björn Vessman, Sara Mitri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
139citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

139 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Cross-feeding enables robust coexistence between four bacterial species.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  10. Minimizing co-growth as a broad predictor of community robustness.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  12. Format-Preserving Reduction of Canonical Nonlinear Models.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026
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79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Philippe PiccardiDepartment of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Björn VessmanDepartment of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Sara MitriDepartment of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; sara.mitri@unil.ch.ORCID 0000-0003-3930-5357

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Competition between microbes is extremely common, with many investing in mechanisms to harm other strains and species. Yet positive interactions between species have also been documented. What makes species help or harm each other is currently unclear. Here, we studied the interactions between 4 bacterial species capable of degrading metal working fluids (MWF), an industrial coolant and lubricant, which contains growth substrates as well as toxic biocides. We were surprised to find only positive or neutral interactions between the 4 species. Using mathematical modeling and further experiments, we show that positive interactions in this community were likely due to the toxicity of MWF, whereby each species' detoxification benefited the others by facilitating their survival, such that they could grow and degrade MWF better when together. The addition of nutrients, the reduction of toxicity, or the addition of more species instead resulted in competitive behavior. Our work provides support to the stress gradient hypothesis by showing how harsh, toxic environments can strongly favor facilitation between microbial species and mask underlying competitive interactions.

Indexed as

BacteriaEnvironmental PollutantsMetalsModels, BiologicalSpecies SpecificityEnvironmental PollutantsMetalscommunity functioncompetitioncooperationspecies diversitystress gradient hypothesis

Identifiers

PMID31270235
PMCPMC6690002

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.