ArticleBMJ open2019
Blood lead level risk factors and reference value derivation in a cross-sectional study of potentially lead-exposed workers in Iran.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modulation of Blood Lead Level and Liver Function Tests in Iranian Opium Users.International journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Association between lead and circulating markers of inflammation among traffic enforcers in Metro Manila, Philippines: the MMDA traffic enforcer's health study.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2024Article
- "Assessing exposure of printing factory workers in thailand to selected heavy metals using urine and hair as non-invasive matrices".BMC public health · 2023Article
- The construction and validation of a lead exposure screening tool for pregnant women in Thailand (ThaiL8Is).Heliyon · 2022Article
- Article
- Blood Lead Levels among Blood Donors and High-Risk Occupational Groups in a Mining Area in Ghana: Implications for Blood Transfusion among Vulnerable Populations.Journal of tropical medicine · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis exploratory investigation aimed to measure blood lead levels and associated risk factors in exposed workers in Iran, and to derive appropriate reference values for blood lead in this population as a means of epidemiological comparison.
designCross-sectional.
settingManufacturing plants with potential lead exposure in Southern Khorasan Province, Iran.
participantsThe study included 630 workers, selected through stratified random sampling. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary measures in this exploratory investigation were venous blood lead concentration (BLC) and associated risk factors of age, gender, work experience, cigarette smoking and history of opium use. The secondary measures were symptoms associated with lead toxicity. Data analyses were conducted using Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis.
resultsMean and median BLCs were 6.5±8.1 μg/dL and 3.9 μg/dL (IQR: 2.9-5.8), respectively. Of the subjects, 85 (13.5%) had BLC ≥10 μg/dL. The derived reference BLC value in this study was 30 μg/dL for men and 14 μg/dL for women. Increasing work experience and age were associated with BLC >10 μg/dL. Radiator manufacturers were up to 12.9 times (95% CI 4.6 to 35, p<0.005) more likely than painters to have BLC >10 μg/dL. Most subjects reported multiple symptoms.
conclusionsThe mean BLC was above the maximum recommended concentration. There was a significant relationship between higher BLC and age or working in a printing factory or radiator manufacturing. These findings can direct efforts towards reducing occupational lead exposure.
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