ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Activation of the IGF Axis in Thyroid Cancer: Implications for Tumorigenesis and Treatment.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physical activity and risk of thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.International journal of clinical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- IGF Bioregulation System in Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodular Disease: A Systematic Review.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Pooled it
- Signaling pathways and targeted therapy in high‑risk refractory thyroid cancer: From bench to bedside (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Proteomic analysis reveals modulation of key proteins in follicular thyroid cancer progression.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- The IGF signaling axis in thyroid cancer: biological complexity and therapeutic challenges.Endocrine connections · 2026Review
- Childhood and Adolescent Factors and Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Adult Women in the Sister Study Cohort.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Article
- Global burden of thyroid cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors in women of reproductive age (20-49 years): a GBD 2021 cross-national analysis with projections to 2050.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Brachyury and IGF1R: potential opposing roles in pediatric thyroid nodular pathology.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Insulin‑like growth factor in cancer: New perspectives (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- In-utero and newborn factors and thyroid cancer incidence in adult women in the Sister Study cohort.British journal of cancer · 2025Observational
- Article
- A review of complex hormone regulation in thyroid cancer: novel insights beyond the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Unveiling the role of IGF1R in autism spectrum disorder: a multi-omics approach to decipher common pathogenic mechanisms in the IGF signaling pathway.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Cancers: Risky Correlation, Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Prevention.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Review
- Single-Cell Analysis in theGenes · 2023Review
- Obesity and endocrine-related cancer: The important role of IGF-1.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Drug repositioning in thyroid cancer treatment: the intriguing case of anti-diabetic drugs.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Adrenomedullin2 stimulates progression of thyroid cancer in mice and humans under nutrient excess conditions.The Journal of pathology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is one of the best-established drivers of thyroid transformation, as thyroid cancer cells overexpress both IGF ligands and their receptors. Thyroid neoplasms encompass distinct clinical and biological entities as differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC)-comprising papillary (PTC) and follicular (FTC) tumors-respond to radioiodine therapy, while undifferentiated tumors-including poorly-differentiated (PDTC) or anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs)-are refractory to radioactive iodine and exhibit limited responses to chemotherapy. Thus, safe and effective treatments for the latter aggressive thyroid tumors are urgently needed. Despite a strong preclinical rationale for targeting the IGF axis in thyroid cancer, the results of the available clinical studies have been disappointing, possibly because of the crosstalk between IGF signaling and other pathways that may result in resistance to targeted agents aimed against individual components of these complex signaling networks. Based on these observations, the combinations between IGF-signaling inhibitors and other anti-tumor drugs, such as DNA damaging agents or kinase inhibitors, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas. In this review, we discuss the role of the IGF axis in thyroid tumorigenesis and also provide an update on the current knowledge of IGF-targeted combination therapies for thyroid cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.