ArticleNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Evaluation of Graphene Oxide Induced Cellular Toxicity and Transcriptome Analysis in Human Embryonic Kidney Cells.
Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated assessment of graphene oxide and graphitic carbon nitride nanoparticles: from synthesis to in vitro biological impact on zebrafish (Danio rerio) cell models.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- Toxic or non-toxic: a critical assessment of the contradictory results for selected graphene family materials.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Carbon-based nanomaterials in biomedicine and technology.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- A study on drug delivery and release kinetics of polyethylene glycol-functionalized few-layer graphene (FLG) incorporated into a gelatin-chitosan bio-composite film.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Carbon-based nanotechnology for Parkinson's disease: diagnostic and therapeutic innovations.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Graphene oxide - polymer nanocomposites for efficient water hardness removal: a step towards healthier drinking water.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Graphene Oxide in Bone Regenerative Engineering: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2025Review
- Synergistic effects of polydopamine-coated reduced graphene oxide on osteogenesis and anti-inflammation in periodontitis.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025Article
- Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Induce Mitochondrial Toxicity in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells: Implications for Female Reproductive Health.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- A systematic review on the state-of-the-art and research gaps regarding inorganic and carbon-based multicomponent and high-aspect ratio nanomaterials.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Review
- The Role of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy-Potential Implications in the Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Graphene and its hybrid nanocomposite: A Metamorphoses elevation in the field of tissue engineering.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Graphene Oxide Strengthens Gelatine through Non-Covalent Interactions with Its Amorphous Region.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- The Effect of Chitosan/Alginate/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites on Proliferation of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Targeting SOD1 via RNAi with PEGylated graphene oxide nanoparticles in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.Cancer gene therapy · 2023Article
- Surface Area of Graphene Governs Its Neurotoxicity.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023Article
- PCL/Gelatin/Graphene Oxide Electrospun Nanofibers: Effect of Surface Functionalization on In Vitro and Antibacterial Response.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Insights of Platinum Drug Interaction with Spinel Magnetic Nanocomposites for Targeted Anti-Cancer Effect.Cancers · 2023Article
- Identification of circular RNAs expression pattern in caprine fetal fibroblast cells exposed to a chronic non-cytotoxic dose of graphene oxide-silver nanoparticle nanocomposites.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon sheet with single-atom thickness, shows immense promise in several nanoscientific and nanotechnological applications, including in sensors, catalysis, and biomedicine. Although several studies have shown the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide in different cell types, there are no comprehensive studies on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells that include transcriptomic analysis and an in vitro investigation into the mechanisms of cytotoxicity following exposure to graphene oxide. Therefore, we exposed HEK293 cells to different concentrations of graphene oxide for 24 h and performed several cellular assays. Cell viability and proliferation assays revealed a significant dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HEK293 cells. Cytotoxicity assays showed increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased level of oxidized glutathione indicative of oxidative stress. This detailed mechanistic approach showed that graphene oxide exposure elicits significant decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis, as well as in DNA damage and caspase 3 activity. Furthermore, our RNA-Seq analysis revealed that HEK293 cells exposed to graphene oxide significantly altered the expression of genes involved in multiple apoptosis-related biological pathways. Moreover, graphene oxide exposure perturbed the expression of key transcription factors, promoting these apoptosis-related pathways by regulating their downstream genes. Our analysis provides mechanistic insights into how exposure to graphene oxide induces changes in cellular responses and massive cell death in HEK293 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing a combination of cellular responses and transcriptome in HEK293 cells exposed to graphene oxide nanoparticles, providing a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of graphene oxide-induced cytotoxicity and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.