ArticleCells2019
Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Bear the Potential for the Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance.
Article in Cells, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- A game of hide-and-seek: how extracellular vesicles evade the immune system.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- The roles of cancer stem cells and therapeutic implications in melanoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- TGF-β mRNA levels in circulating extracellular vesicles are associated with response to anti-PD1 treatment in metastatic melanoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Immune determinants of the pre-metastatic niche.Cancer cell · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles-Based Cell-Cell Communication in Melanoma: New Perspectives in Diagnostics and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Small Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with Immunosuppressive miRNAs Leads to an Inhibition of Dendritic Cell Maturation.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2022Article
- Anti-Metastatic Function of Extracellular Vesicles Derived fromCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle-mediated immune evasion in melanoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling in Cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Review
- Fourier-Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy to show alterations in molecular composition of EV subpopulations from melanoma cell lines in different malignancy.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2021Article
- Extracellular vesicles and oncogenic signaling.Molecular oncology · 2021Review
- Could Extracellular Vesicles Contribute to Generation or Awakening of "Sleepy" Metastatic Niches?Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Overcoming Immune Evasion in Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Review
- Review
- Signaling of Tumor-Derived sEV Impacts Melanoma Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Exosomes as Messengers Between Mother and Fetus in Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Decoding Melanoma Development and Progression: Identification of Therapeutic Vulnerabilities.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCancer-induced immunosuppression is antigen-specific rather than systemic and the mechanisms for the antigen specificity are incompletely understood. Here we explore the option that tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) may be transferred to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), together with immunosuppressive molecules, through cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), such as exosomes. Stimulation of a suppressive phenotype in the very same APCs that take up TAAs may yield antigen-specific tolerance.
methodssEVs isolated from patient-derived or well-established melanoma cell lines were used to demonstrate the transfer of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to the surface of APCs. The immunosuppressive influence of sEVs was assessed by flow cytometry analysis of activation markers, cytokine expression, and mixed lymphocyte reactions.
resultsMHC class I molecules were transferred from melanoma cells to the cell surface of APCs by sEVs. Concomitantly, CD86 and CD40 co-stimulatory molecules were down-regulated and IL-6 production was strongly induced. TGF-β transported by sEVs contributed to the promotion of a suppressive phenotype of APCs.
conclusionThe presented results indicate the existence of a hitherto undescribed mechanism that offers an explanation for antigen-specific tolerance induction mediated by cancer-derived sEVs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.