ArticleKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2020
Static patella tilt and axial engagement in knee extension are mainly influenced by knee torsion, the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance (TTTG), and trochlear dysplasia but not by femoral or tibial torsion.
Article in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations between TT-TG distance and rotational and coronal alignment in recurrent patellar dislocation.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Anterior Knee Pain and Excessive External Tibial Torsion in Female Patients: Rationale and Outcomes of Rotational Tibial Osteotomy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Idiopathic Adolescent Miserable Malalignment.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Review
- In females with anterior knee pain, the infratuberositary contribution to external tibial torsion increases with torsion severity and does not correlate with tibial tubercle lateralisation.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Tibial tubercle osteotomy decreases femorotibial rotation in patients with patellar instability.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Increased knee torsional misalignment associated with femoral torsion is related to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury: a case-control study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Sulcus depth, congruence angle, Wiberg index, TT-TG distance, and CDI are strong predictors of recurrent patellar dislocation.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
- Patellar shift ratio (PSR) is the optimal measurement for characterising lateral patellar shift and a reliable predictor of recurrent patellar dislocation.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
- Axial orientation of the femoral trochlea is superior to femoral anteversion for predicting patellar instability.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
- Internal tibial torsion is associated with medial meniscus posterior horn tears.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
- Influence of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy on tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2023Article
- Tibial tubercle-Roman arch (TT-RA) distance is superior to tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance when evaluating coronal malalignment in patients with knee osteoarthritis.European radiology · 2022Article
- The winking sign is an indicator for increased femorotibial rotation in patients with recurrent patellar instability.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2022Article
- Pathological Thresholds of Segmental Femoral Torsion in Patients With Patellar Dislocation: Influence on Patellofemoral Malalignment.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2022Article
- Quality of life following medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction combined with medial tibial tubercle transfer in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation: a retrospective comparative study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Article
- Anatomical Components Associated With Increased Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove Distance.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2022Article
- Radiological evaluation of patellofemoral instability and possible causes of assessment errors.World journal of methodology · 2022Review
- Patellar shape is associated with femoral trochlear morphology in individuals with mature skeletal development.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Ipsilateral patellofemoral morphological abnormalities are more severe than those of contralateral joints in patients with unilateral patellar dislocation.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of femoral (FT), tibial (TT), and knee torsion (KT) on the patella tilt (PT), the axial engagement index (AEI), and the tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (TTTG).
methodsFemoral torsion, tibial torsion, knee torsion, patella tilt, the axial engagement index, the TTTG, and trochlear dysplasia were retrospectively evaluated on 59 patients suffering from recurrent patella instability or anterior knee pain with 118 torsional lower limb magnetic resonance imaging studies.
resultsFT and TT did not show any significant associations with TTTG, PT, and AEI (n.s.). KT was significantly associated with a higher TTTG, higher PT, and lower AEI (all, p < 0.001). Higher grade trochlear dysplasia was associated with a higher PT and lower AEI (both, p < 0.001). The Dejour classification showed no significant association with FT, TT, KT, and TTTG (n.s.). All measurement parameters showed an excellent interrater agreement (ICC 0.89-0.97).
conclusionsStatic patella tilt and patellofemoral axial engagement in knee extension are mainly influenced by knee torsion, TTTG, and trochlear dysplasia but not by femoral or tibial torsion. These findings help to understand the underlying reasons for the patella position in knee extensions in CT and MRI investigations in patients suffering from patella instability and patellofemoral pain syndrome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
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