Observational studyBMJ open2019
An observational study on survival rates of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Netherlands after improving the 'chain of survival'.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2025 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Part 2. Current status of cardiac arrest and the chain of survival.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Guideline
- A single-centre review of outcomes following in-hospital cardiac arrests in Singapore.Singapore medical journal · 2026Article
- The Impact of ACLS Training in the Management of Cardiac Arrest: A Narrative Review.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Pediatric cardiac arrest registries and survival outcomes: A European study.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Opportunities and barriers for prehospital emergency medical services research in the Netherlands; results of a mixed-methods consensus study.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at the Workplace.La Medicina del lavoro · 2023Observational
- How to study the role of volunteer responders in the chain of survival.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2023Article
- Improved ROSC rates in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients after introduction of a text message alert system for trained volunteers.Netherlands heart journal : monthly journal of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology and the Netherlands Heart Foundation · 2023Article
- Long-Term Outcomes after Non-Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Globally, GDP Per Capita Correlates Strongly with Rates of Bystander CPR.Annals of global health · 2022Review
- OHCA survey in Lombardy: comparison between years 2014 and 2019 (pre COVID-19).Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2021Article
- Continuous flow insufflation of oxygen compared with manual ventilation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A survey of the paramedics.SAGE open medicine · 2021Article
- Observational
- Integrating and maintaining automated external defibrillators and emergency planning in community sport settings: a qualitative case study.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the impact of implemented procedures for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) by determining patient outcome defined as the percentage return of spontaneous circulation at arrival at the emergency department, and 3-month and 1-year-survival rates.
designObservational study.
settingPrimary emergency medical care consisting of Advanced Life Support is given by ambulance nurses and secondary care by hospitals within the mid-western part of the Netherlands covering 750 000 inhabitants.
participants433 of 500 consecutive patients with OHCA were included in the study over a 1.5 -year period. OUTCOME MEASURES: Analysis included number of patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) when handed over to the emergency department, survival at 3 months and 1 year including a comparison with global outcome rates. We further considered the influence of gender, delays, bystander Basic Life Support, use of an automated external defibrillator, initial rhythm and mechanical thorax compression in combination with Boussignac tube ventilation.
results13% (67/500) of the initial patient population was excluded from the analysis as reanimation in these patients was aborted due to expressed wish not to be resuscitated. Resuscitation was started by bystanders, police and/or first responders in 312/433 (72%) cases. An automated external defibrillator was used in 198 of these 312 cases (63%) of which it defibrillated 108 times. Mechanical thorax compression in combination with Boussignac tube ventilation was necessary in 277/433 patients (64%). Spontaneous circulation returned in 96/277 (35%) patients of this group. In the overall studied population, ROSC percentage at arrival at the hospital was 214/433 (49%). The 3-month and 12-month-survival rates were 123/433 (28%) and 119/433 (27%), respectively.
conclusionsOptimised 'chain of survival' for patients with OHCA resulted in ROSC in 49% of the cases and a 1-year-survival rate of 27% in the studied population.
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