ArticleBMJ case reports2019
Renal stone composed of ritonavir.
Article in BMJ case reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Contemporary Multidimensional Insight into the Clinical and Pathological Presentation of Urological Conditions Associated with HIV: A Narrative Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- Drug-induced kidney stones: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FDA adverse event reporting system database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Endourological management of a rare radiopaque ritonavir-composed urinary calculus.Urology case reports · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a well-known side effect of many HIV protease inhibitors. However, there have not been reports of stones associated with ritonavir use. Here, we report the case of a 33-year-old woman with HIV on antiretroviral therapy who presented with sharp left flank pain and passed a stone that was later found to contain only ritonavir. Of note, the patient's treatment regimen had not included ritonavir for 2 years prior to this incidence. This case is notable both for the novel finding of a renal calculus composed entirely of ritonavir and the development of nephrolithiasis years after cessation of the aggravating drug. This finding suggests that patients on ritonavir should be more closely monitored and for longer periods of time for potential lithiasis formation.
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