SynthesisPloS one2019
Proton pump inhibitor use does not increase dementia and Alzheimer's disease risk: An updated meta-analysis of published studies involving 642305 patients.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Dementia: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitors use and dementia risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Long-term proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia: a focused review on pantoprazole.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Medication Exposure and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Individualized prevention of proton pump inhibitor related adverse events by risk stratification.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Adverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors.Chonnam medical journal · 2023Review
- Proton pump inhibitors and dementia: what association?Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2023Review
- Article
- Mechanistic Link between Vitamin B12 and Alzheimer's Disease.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: History, Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Directions.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2022Review
- Long-term use of proton-pump inhibitor on Alzheimer's disease: a real-world distributed network analysis of six observational Korean databases using a Common Data Model.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2022Article
- Lack of association between proton pump inhibitor use and brain aging: a cross-sectional study.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- The Janus-like Association between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Dementia.Current Alzheimer research · 2021Article
- Glia-Driven Neuroinflammation and Systemic Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- Clinical Use of Acid Suppressants and Risk of Dementia in the Elderly: A Pharmaco-Epidemiological Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Beliefs about benefits and harms of medications and supplements for brain health.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- Acid suppressants use and the risk of dementia: A population-based propensity score-matched cohort study.PloS one · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) among people who consume proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), but the results of those studies are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the correction risk of dementia and AD among PPI users. The literature search for relevant studies was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBase and ScienceDirect. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the relationship between the PPIs and risk of dementia and AD. Ten independent studies that involved 642305 participants were included in this meta-analysis. PPI users were unassociated with dementia (HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.92-1.15; I2 = 95.6%, p < 0.001) and AD (HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.83-1.09; I2 = 80.7%, p <0 .001). No evidence of publication bias was detected by Begg's and Egger's test. Sensitivity analyses showed no important differences in the estimates of effects. The current evidence indicates that PPI use does not increase dementia and AD risk. The remarkable heterogeneity among the studies warrants a further review of our findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.