ArticleEMBO molecular medicine2019
Malaria inflammation by xanthine oxidase-produced reactive oxygen species.
Article in EMBO molecular medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Malaria on Blood Levels of Vitamin E: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- New mercaptoacrylate derivatives and other constituents from the stem bark of Senegalia polyacantha: in vitro antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities with in silico target validation.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species on Monocyte and Macrophage Biology.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Enhancing phagocytic capacity in layer chickens: a one health approach to sustainable production through improved disease resistance and reduced antibiotic dependence.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Multi-platform evidence of GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis in malaria with a potential role for TLR7.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Emerging Role of Splenic Macrophage in Malaria Pathogenesis and Immunity.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Article
- Lycopene Mitigates Malaria-Induced Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species and Oxidative Damage in Mice Brain and Lungs.Parasite immunology · 2025Article
- Sacha inchi (Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Elucidation of the Active Agents in a West African Ground Herbal Medicine Formulation That Elicit Antimalarial Activities in In Vitro and In Vivo Models.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Role of inflammasomes in Toxoplasma and Plasmodium infections.Parasites & vectors · 2024Review
- Understanding the significance of oxygen tension on the biology of Plasmodium falciparum blood stages: From the human body to the laboratory.PLoS pathogens · 2024Review
- Article
- Phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Bersama abyssinica F. seed extracts.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Temporal change of serum xanthine oxidase levels and its relation to clinical outcome of severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective cohort study.Neurosurgical review · 2023Article
- Clinical Significance of Elevated Xanthine Dehydrogenase Levels and Hyperuricemia in Patients with Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Xanthine oxidase levels and immune dysregulation are independently associated with anemia in Plasmodium falciparum malaria.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Secondary Metabolites Isolated fromMetabolites · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Malaria is a highly inflammatory disease caused by Plasmodium infection of host erythrocytes. However, the parasite does not induce inflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages in vitro and the source of inflammation in patients remains unclear. Here, we identify oxidative stress, which is common in malaria, as an effective trigger of the inflammatory activation of macrophages. We observed that extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by xanthine oxidase (XO), an enzyme upregulated during malaria, induce a strong inflammatory cytokine response in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. In malaria patients, elevated plasma XO activity correlates with high levels of inflammatory cytokines and with the development of cerebral malaria. We found that incubation of macrophages with plasma from these patients can induce a XO-dependent inflammatory cytokine response, identifying a host factor as a trigger for inflammation in malaria. XO-produced ROS also increase the synthesis of pro-IL-1β, while the parasite activates caspase-1, providing the two necessary signals for the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We propose that XO-produced ROS are a key factor for the trigger of inflammation during malaria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.