ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2019
T follicular helper cells in human efferent lymph retain lymphoid characteristics.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting T follicular helper cells for lifelong health.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Th1 and Th17 Responses to LTB and Colonization Factors Following Oral ETEC Vaccination.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Malaria serology for surveillance, insights into immunity, and vaccine development.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Migration of immune cells in tumors and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The Role of CD4 T Cell Repertoire and Immune Memory Mechanisms in Vaccination and Infection Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Circulating T-follicular helper and type I regulatory T cells have overlapping phenotypes inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Revisiting Thoracic Duct Resection in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity-Matched Analysis and Immunologic Insight Into Recurrence Risk.Thoracic cancer · 2026Article
- Local B cell immunity and durable memory after live-attenuated influenza intranasal vaccination of humans.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Dysfunction of circulating follicular helper T cells in people living with HIV who are HBV small surface protein antibody (HBsAb)-negative despite HBV vaccination.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Altered Cytokine-Induced STAT3 and STAT5 Activation of Peripheral T Follicular Helper Cells Contributes to Vaccine-Non-Responsiveness in Aging and HIV.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Circulating TFH2 Cell Expansion and GZMKJournal of asthma and allergy · 2026Article
- Low effectiveness of influenza vaccines vis-à-vis mechanism of protection by vaccines - potential causes and recommendations to improve control of influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Distinct Antibody Fc-profiles in Lymph During Homeostasis and Chronic HIV Infection.Pathogens & immunity · 2026Article
- Multimodal analysis definesbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Tfh2 and a subset of Tfh1 cells associate with antibody-mediated immunity to malaria.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Early lymph node T follicular helper cell signalling hub drives influenza vaccine response in an ancestrally diverse cohort.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- T follicular helper cells in primary immune regulatory disorders.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Multi-omics identification of activated T cells and spatial PD-1/PD-L1 signaling as biomarkers of diabetic foot ulcer healing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- T-cell and autoantibody profiling for primary immune regulatory disorders.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
T follicular helper cells (Tfh), a subset of CD4+ T cells, provide requisite help to B cells in the germinal centers (GC) of lymphoid tissue. GC Tfh are identified by high expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR5 and the inhibitory molecule PD-1. Although more accessible, blood contains lower frequencies of CXCR5+ and PD-1+ cells that have been termed circulating Tfh (cTfh). However, it remains unclear whether GC Tfh exit lymphoid tissues and populate this cTfh pool. To examine exiting cells, we assessed the phenotype of Tfh present within the major conduit of efferent lymph from lymphoid tissues into blood, the human thoracic duct. Unlike what was found in blood, we consistently identified a CXCR5-bright PD-1-bright (CXCR5BrPD-1Br) Tfh population in thoracic duct lymph (TDL). These CXCR5BrPD-1Br TDL Tfh shared phenotypic and transcriptional similarities with GC Tfh. Moreover, components of the epigenetic profile of GC Tfh could be detected in CXCR5BrPD-1Br TDL Tfh and the transcriptional imprint of this epigenetic signature was enriched in an activated cTfh subset known to contain vaccine-responding cells. Together with data showing shared TCR sequences between the CXCR5BrPD-1Br TDL Tfh and cTfh, these studies identify a population in TDL as a circulatory intermediate connecting the biology of Tfh in blood to Tfh in lymphoid tissue.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.