ReviewCell proliferation2019
Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in breast cancer cell lines remarkably increases the cell malignancy largely via activation of transforming growth factor beta/SMAD signalling.
Review in Cell proliferation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Suboptimal Responses to Anti-VEGF in Retinal Neurovascular Diseases: Linking Aging and Alternative Angioinflammatory Pathways.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Targeting PLK1 Reduces MMP10 to Enhance Radiosensitivity in HPV- Head and Neck Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress Mediates the Dual Regulatory Effects of Bovine Uterine ECM Remodeling Through the TGF-β1/Smad3 Pathway: Molecular Mechanisms of MMPs and COL-IV Imbalances.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- TGF-β induces cholesterol accumulation to regulate the secretion of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Metabolism and Excretion of 8-O-Acetylharpagide in Rats and Identification of Its Potential Anti-Breast Cancer Active Metabolites.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Analysis of the Clinical Significance and Underlying Oncogenic Roles of Specific MMPs in Gastric Carcinoma Reveals their Potential Roles in Prognosis and Therapy.Current molecular medicine · 2025Article
- TGFβ in malignant canine mammary tumors: relation with angiogenesis, immunologic markers and prognostic role.The veterinary quarterly · 2024Article
- Long non-coding RNA PVT1 regulates TGF-β and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of hypopharyngeal carcinoma FaDu cells.World journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Transforming growth factor-β receptors: versatile mechanisms of ligand activation.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Review
- Micafungin exerts antitumor effect on breast cancer and osteosarcoma through preventing EMT in tumor cells in an USP7/AKT/GSK-3β pathway-dependent manner.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- GATA4 regulates the transcription of MMP9 to suppress the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells via HDAC1-mediated p65 deacetylation.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- TGF-β and TNF-α interaction promotes the expression of MMP-9 through H3K36 dimethylation: implications in breast cancer metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Long Non-Coding RNA as a Potential Biomarker for Canine Tumors.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Mechanism of the HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathway in the proliferation and apoptosis of human haemangioma endothelial cells.International journal of experimental pathology · 2023Article
- Quercetin inhibits the metabolism of arachidonic acid by inhibiting the activity of CYP3A4, thereby inhibiting the progression of breast cancer.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2023Article
- Inhibition of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay reduces the tumorigenicity of human fibrosarcoma cells.NAR cancer · 2023Article
- Anoikis resistance--protagonists of breast cancer cells survive and metastasize after ECM detachment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Decreased PPP1R3G in pre-eclampsia impairs human trophoblast invasion and migration via Akt/MMP-9 signaling pathway.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMatrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has been frequently noticed in the breast cancers. In this study, we aim to investigate the associations of MMP-9 with the activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/SMAD signalling and the malignancy of breast malignant tumour cells. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe distributions of MMP-9 and TGF-β in the tissues of canine breast cancers were screened by immunohistochemical assays. A recombinant plasmid expressing mouse MMP-9 was generated and transiently transfected into three different breast cancer cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assay were used to study cell viability. Migration and invasion ability were analysed by wound assay and transwell filters. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression.
resultRemarkable strong MMP-9 and TGF-β signals were observed in the malignant tissues of canine breast cancers. In the cultured three cell lines receiving recombinant plasmid expressing mouse MMP-9, the cell malignancy was markedly increased, including the cell colony formation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The levels of activated TGF-β, as well as SMAD4, SMAD2/3 and phosphorylation of SMAD2, were increased, reflecting an activation of TGF-β/SMAD signalling. We also demonstrated that the inhibitors specific for MMP-9 and TGF-β sufficiently blocked the overexpressing MMP-9 induced the activation of SMAD signalling and enhancement on invasion in the tested breast cancer cell lines.
conclusionOverexpression of MMP-9 increases the malignancy of breast cancer cell lines, largely via activation of the TGF-β/SMAD signalling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.