ReviewVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2019
ACTH-producing tumorlets and carcinoids of the lung: clinico-pathologic study of 63 cases and review of the literature.
Review in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ectopic Cushing's syndrome due to thymic neuroendocrine tumours: a systematic review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Signaling Under Stress: Targeting the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Review
- Hormone secretion predicts poor prognosis in lung neuroendocrine neoplasms.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Article
- Phenotypic Landscape of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Subtyped by OTP/ASCL1 Expression Correlated with Histology, Hormones and Outcome.Endocrine pathology · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Heterogeneity of TPIT expression in ACTH-secreting extra-pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) supports the existence of different cellular programs in pancreatic and pulmonary NETs.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Renal neuroendocrine tumors: clinical and molecular pathology with an emphasis on frequent association with ectopic Cushing syndrome.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2023Article
- The assessment of Ki-67 for prognosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2023Article
- Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Role of Ki67 Proliferative Index in Neuroendocrine and Endocrine Neoplasms: Past, Present, and Future.Endocrine pathology · 2023Review
- Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting carcinoid with solitary cryptococcosis in the lungs.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: a model for neuroendocrine tumor classification.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2021Review
- Use ofFrontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Morphologic and molecular classification of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2021Review
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Upregulates Somatostatin Receptor Subtype 2 Expression in ACTH-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumors: New Insight Based on the Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator Relacorilant.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Neuroendocrine syndrome in bronchial carcinoid tumors.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Carcinoid Tumorlets Co-Existing with Chronic Pulmonary Inflammatory Processes: Imaging Findings and Histological Appearances.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting lung carcinoids represent the principal cause of ectopic Cushing syndrome, but the prevalence of ACTH expression and the association between ACTH production and Cushing syndrome in lung carcinoids have scarcely been investigated. In addition, available information on the prognostic meaning of ACTH production is controversial. The aims of this multicentric retrospective study, also including a review of the literature, were to describe the clinico-pathologic features of ACTH-producing lung carcinoids, to assess recurrence and specific survival rates, and to evaluate potential prognostic factors. To identify ACTH production in 254 unselected and radically resected lung carcinoids, we used a double approach including RT-PCR (mRNA encoding for pro-opiomelanocortin) and immunohistochemistry (antibodies against ACTH and β-endorphin). Sixty-three (24.8%) tumors produced ACTH and 11 of them (17.4%), representing 4.3% of the whole series, were associated with Cushing syndrome. The median follow-up time was 71 months. The 10-year overall and specific survival rates were 88.5% and 98.2%, respectively, with difference neither between functioning and nonfunctioning tumors nor between ACTH-positive and ACTH-negative carcinoids. At univariate analysis, histological type (typical or atypical) and Ki67 index significantly correlated with tumor recurrence. The literature review identified 172 previously reported patients with functioning ACTH-secreting lung carcinoids, and the meta-analysis of survival showed that 92% of them were alive after a mean follow-up time of 50 months. Our results demonstrate that ACTH-producing lung carcinoids are not rare, are not always associated with Cushing syndrome, and do not represent an aggressive variant of lung carcinoid.
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Registered trials
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