ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2020
Alcohol Outlet Clusters and Population Disparities.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Methodologic Strategies for Quantifying Associations of Historical and Contemporary Mortgage Discrimination on Population Health Equity: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Individual and Community Social Determinants of Health and Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder Three Years following Treatment.Journal of psychoactive drugsTrial
- Alcohol and violent deaths in the United States, 2015-2022.Injury epidemiology · 2026Article
- ZIP code-level alcohol outlet density and nonfatal overdose among people who inject drugs in 22 US metropolitan statistical areas: a multilevel modeling analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Unequal access: cross-sectional associations of deprivation, racial composition and independent and joint cannabis and alcohol outlet densities among Michigan census block groups.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Twenty-five-year changes in alcohol environment in US metropolitan areas: Examining patterns by area level sociodemographic characteristics.Cities (London, England) · 2025Article
- Impact of 1940s exposure to redlining on mortality and self-rated health later in life among older adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Spatial associations between alcohol detection in opioid overdose deaths and alcohol outlets.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Gun Free Zones in Alcohol-Serving Establishments and Risk for Firearm Violence: A Cross-Sectional, Geospatial Study in Texas.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Community characteristics and substance-free activity and service access predict membership in alcohol use disorder risk profiles.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- Persistent Effect of Redlining on Survival from Screenable Cancers in Washington State, 2000-2018.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Protective effects of ethnic enclaves: Testing pathways to alcohol use and use disorders in Mexican American young adults.American journal of community psychology · 2025Article
- Differential Effects of Alcohol Policies Across Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Review
- Reward deprivation is associated with elevated alcohol demand in emerging adults.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2025Article
- Whole Person Recovery from Substance Use Disorder: A Call for Research Examining a Dynamic Behavioral Ecological Model of Contexts Supportive of Recovery.Addiction research & theory · 2025Article
- Understanding pathways to recovery from alcohol use disorder in a Black community.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Using internet-assisted geocoding of 1940 census addresses to reconstruct enumeration districts for use with redlining and longitudinal health datasets.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Traces of Historical Redlining in the Contemporary United States: New Evidence from the Add Health Cohort.Population research and policy review · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Alcohol outlet clusters are an important social determinant of health in cities, but little is known about the populations exposed to them. If outlets cluster in neighborhoods comprised of specific racial/ethnic or economic groups, then they may function as a root cause of urban health disparities. This study used 2016 liquor license data (n = 1204) from Baltimore City, Maryland, and demographic data from the American Community Survey. We defined alcohol outlet clusters by combining SaTScan moving window methods and distances between outlets. We used multiple logistic regression to compare census block groups (CBGs) (n = 537) inside and outside of four types of outlet clusters: total, on-premise, off-premise, and LBD-7 (combined on-/off-premise). The most robust predictor of alcohol outlet cluster membership was a history of redlining, i.e., racially discriminatory lending policies. CBGs that were redlined had 7.32 times the odds of being in an off-premise cluster, 8.07 times the odds of being in an on-premise cluster, and 8.60 times the odds of being in a LBD-7 cluster. In addition, level of economic investment (marked by vacant properties) appears to be a key characteristic that separates CBGs in on- and off-premise outlet clusters. CBGs with racial/ethnic or socioeconomic advantage had higher odds of being in on-premise clusters and CBGs marked by disinvestment had higher odds of being in off-premise clusters. Off-premise clusters deserve closer examination from a policy perspective, to mitigate their potential role in creating and perpetuating social and health disparities. In addition to addressing redlining and disinvestment, the current negative effects of alcohol outlet clusters that have grown up in redlined and disinvested areas must be addressed if inequities in these neighborhoods are to be reversed.
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