ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2020
Commercial complementary food use amongst European infants and children: results from the EU Childhood Obesity Project.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Animal and plant protein intake during infancy and childhood DNA methylation: a meta-analysis in the NutriPROGRAM consortium.Epigenetics · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Whole-Grain and Sugar Content in Infant Cereals on Gut Microbiota at Weaning: A Randomized Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- The Extension of Added Sugar Use in Packaged Foods Targeted at Children in Brazil.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Iron Content and Nutritional Quality of Commercial Complementary Baby Foods Available in Australia.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Dietary Patterns and Feeding Behavior of Infants in Croatia: Findings from the National Food Consumption Survey on Infants and Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Critical vitamin D and iron intakes in infants aged 6-11 months: results from the nationwide German KiESEL study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Consumption frequency of ultra-processed foods and beverages among 6- to 36-month-olds in Kampala, Uganda.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Trends in commercial complementary food in Romanian infants-a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- A Descriptive Study of Spanish and Ecuadorian Commercial Infant Cereals: Are They in Line with Current Recommendations?Nutrients · 2024Article
- Benchmarking the nutrient composition and labelling practices of dry or instant cereals for older infants and young children across seven Southeast Asian countries.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- The nutritional profile of commercial complementary foods in Japan: comparison between low- and high-price products.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Selected Antioxidant Parameters in Ready-to-Eat Food for Infants and Young Children.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Health relevance of lowering postprandial glycaemia in the paediatric population through diet': results from a multistakeholder workshop.European journal of nutrition · 2023Review
- The relationship between early childhood development and feeding practices during the dietary transitional period in rural China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Commercial Complementary Food in Germany: A 2020 Market Survey.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Consumption of Added Sugar among Chinese Toddlers and Its Association with Picky Eating and Daily Screen Time.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Food additives in childhood: a review on consumption and health consequences.Revista de saude publica · 2022Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe objective of this secondary analysis is to describe the types of commercial complementary foods (CCF) consumed by infants and young children enrolled in the European Childhood Obesity Project (CHOP), to describe the contribution of CCF to dietary energy intakes and to determine factors associated with CCF use over the first 2 years of life.
methodsThe CHOP trial is a multicenter intervention trial in Germany, Belgium, Italy, Poland and Spain that tested the effect of varying levels of protein in infant formula on the risk for childhood obesity. Infants were recruited from October 2002 to June 2004. Dietary data on CCF use for this secondary analysis were taken from weighted, 3-day dietary records from 1088 infants at 9 time points over the first 2 years of life.
resultsReported energy intakes from CCF during infancy (4-9 months) was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.002) amongst formula-fed children compared to breastfed children. Sweetened CCF intakes were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.009) amongst formula-fed infants. Female infants were fed significantly less CCF and infant age was strongly associated with daily CCF intakes, peaking at 9 months of age. Infants from families with middle- and high-level of education were fed significantly less quantities of CCF compared to infants with parents with lower education. Sweetened CCF were very common in Spain, Italy and Poland, with over 95% of infants and children fed CCF at 9 and 12 months of age consuming at least one sweetened CCF. At 24 months of age, 68% of the CHOP cohort were still fed CCF.
conclusionsCCF comprised a substantial part of the diets of this cohort of European infants and young children. The proportion of infants being fed sweetened CCF is concerning. More studies on the quality of commercial complementary foods in Europe are warranted, including market surveys on the saturation of the Western European market with sweetened CCF products.
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