Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and risk of erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic disease. Mounting evidence shows that male patients with COPD have an increased risk of developing erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between COPD and the risk of ED. To identify relevant studies, the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase databases, Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were systematically searched up to September 2018. Relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the strength of association between COPD and the risk of ED by using random-effects models. Finally, four studies (three cross-sectional, one cohort study) involving 58,307 participants were included. Synthesis results demonstrated that patients with COPD was not significantly associated with an increased overall prevalence of ED (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.95-1.81, P = 0.099) compared to the healthy controls. However, the subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of moderate ED (RR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.29-4.59, P = 0.006) and severe ED (RR = 2.77, 95% CI: 1.57-4.94, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with COPD. Evidence from this meta-analysis revealed that patients with COPD had a significantly increased susceptibility to moderate and severe ED, which should remind both clinicians and patients to be aware of the potential hazardous effect of COPD for developing ED.