ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2019
Female bed bugs (
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Know Where You Go: Infestation Dynamics and Potential Distribution of Two Bed Bug Species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Africa.Insects · 2025Article
- Regional specialization, polyploidy, and seminal fluid transcripts in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Sexual conflict and sexual networks in bed bugs: the fitness cost of traumatic insemination, female avoidance and male mate choice.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- A novel prolixicin identified in common bed bugs with activity against both bacteria and parasites.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Development, feeding, and sex shape the relative quantity of the nutritional obligatory symbiontFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Characterization of New Defensin Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Expression in Bed Bugs in Response to Bacterial Ingestion and Injection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Comparative Efficacy of a Fungal Entomopathogen with a Broad Host Range against Two Human-Associated Pests.Insects · 2022Article
- Sexual conflict drives micro- and macroevolution of sexual dimorphism in immunity.BMC biology · 2021Article
- Effects of NF-kB Signaling Inhibitors on Bed Bug Resistance to Orally Provisioned Entomopathogenic Bacteria.Insects · 2021Article
- Ex vivo characterization of the circulating hemocytes of bed bugs and their responses to bacterial exposure.Journal of invertebrate pathology · 2020Article
- Mating changes the genital microbiome in both sexes of the common bedbugProceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Not all encounters with pathogens are stochastic and insects can adjust their immune management in relation to cues associated with the likelihood of infection within a life cycle as well as across generations. In this study we show that female insects (bed bugs) up-regulate immune function in their copulatory organ in anticipation of mating by using feeding cues. Male bed bugs only mate with recently fed females and do so by traumatic insemination (TI). Consequently, there is a tight temporal correlation between female feeding and the likelihood of her being infected via TI. Females that received predictable access to food (and therefore predictable insemination and infection cycles) up-regulated induced immunity (generic antibacterial activity) in anticipation of feeding and mating. Females that received unpredictable (but the same mean periodicity) access to food did not. Females that anticipated mating-associated immune insult received measurable fitness benefits (survival and lifetime reproductive success) despite laying eggs at the same rate as females that were not able to predict these cycles. Given that mating is a time of increased likelihood of infection in many organisms, and is often associated with temporal cues such as courtship and/or feeding, we propose that anticipation of mating-associated infection in females may be more widespread than is currently evidenced.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.