ArticleVaccine2019
Irradiated sporozoite vaccination induces sex-specific immune responses and protection against malaria in mice.
Article in Vaccine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of innate immunity on malaria parasite infection dynamics in rodent models.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Long-Lasting Antibody and CD8Vaccines · 2026Article
- Beyond the mouse: organoids, spheroids, and organs-on-chips as the (inevitable) future of malaria research?Malaria journal · 2026Review
- Sex differences in immune responses to viruses, bacteria and vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Host biological sex directs immune control of theFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sex in Immune Cells and Parasitic Diseases - A Complex Relationship.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Androgens inhibit protective CD8Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sex differences in postacute infection syndromes.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Malaria infection among adults residing in a highly endemic region from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Mast cell-derived IL-10 protects intestinal barrier integrity during malaria in mice and regulates parasite transmission toInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Sex-the most underappreciated variable in research: insights from helminth-infected hosts.Veterinary research · 2022Review
- Needle-free, spirulina-produced Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite vaccination provides sterile protection against pre-erythrocytic malaria in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
- Effect of Female Sex Hormones on the Immune Response againstPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Estrogen, the Peripheral Immune System and Major Depression - A Reproductive Lifespan Perspective.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Review
- Testosterone induces sexual dimorphism during infection withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Five-Year Trend of Malaria Prevalence in Mojo Town, Central Ethiopia: Shifting Burden of the Disease and Its Implication for Malaria Elimination: A Retrospective Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- NK cells associate with ALS in a sex- and age-dependent manner.JCI insight · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In both preclinical animal studies and human clinical trials, adult females tend to develop greater adaptive immune responses than males following receipt of either viral or bacterial vaccines. While there is currently no approved malaria vaccine, several anti-sporozoite vaccines, including RTS,S/AS01 and attenuated sporozoite vaccines, are in development, but the impact of sex and age on their efficacy remains undefined. To examine sex differences in the efficacy of anti-sporozoite stage malaria vaccination, adult (10 weeks of age) or juvenile (11 days of age) male and female C3H mice were twice vaccinated with irradiated transgenic Plasmodium berghei sporozoites expressing the P. falciparum circumsporozoite (CSP) protein and 45 days post boost vaccination, mice were challenged with transgenic P. berghei via mosquito bite or intradermal challenge. Immunization with irradiated sporozoites resulted in greater protection against challenge in adult females, which was associated with greater anti-CSP antibody production and avidity, as well as greater hepatic, but not splenic, CD8
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.