ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Socioeconomic Enablers for Contagion: Factors Impelling the Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemic.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07012421 (Comparison of Community and Hospital Antibiotic Use Practices, Susceptibility and ResisTance and Determinants of Care Seeking Among Patients With Urinary Tract Infections), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Community and Hospital Antibiotic Use Practices, Susceptibility and ResisTance and Determinants of Care Seeking Among Patients With Urinary Tract Infections (CAST-UTI)
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of preclinical studies on therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and their secretome in bacterial infections.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Population-Level Uncoupling of Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in Community-OnsetPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and Health Factors Are Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance across Eight States in the United States.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Corruption, poverty and inflation as enablers of AMR in low- and middle-income countries: finding the link and addressing the gaps.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Exploring the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- An assessment of antimicrobial resistance national action plans and their impact on antibiotic use.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Tourism and the Global Vectoring of Antimicrobial-Resistant Disease: What Countries Are Most Impacted?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Spatial panel data analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Variation and prognostic potential of the gut antibiotic resistome in the FINRISK 2002 cohort.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mapping socioeconomic factors driving antimicrobial resistance in humans: An umbrella review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Panel data analysis of the effect of ambient temperature on antimicrobial resistance in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gender differences in global antimicrobial resistance.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Geo-Temporal Variation in the Antimicrobial Resistance ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- National antibiotic consumption is strongly related to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance across bacterial clades.iScience · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of CommensalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The role of veterinary drug use in driving antimicrobial resistance ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- The Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance in Observational Studies: Is It Really Due to Differences in Sub-Populations Rather than Antibiotic Use?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Six Years' Trend Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Bacterial Isolates at Public Health Institute in Amhara Region, Ethiopia.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Nanotechnology in healthcare, and its safety and environmental risks.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Pharmacies and use of antibiotics: a cross sectional study in 19 Arab countries.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global problem that causes increased deaths as well as increased suffering for people. Overall, there are two main factors that drive antimicrobial resistance: the volumes of antimicrobials used and the spread of resistant micro-organisms along with the genes encoding for resistance. Importantly, a growing body of evidence points to contagion (i.e., spread) being the major, but frequently under-appreciated and neglected, factor driving the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. When we aggregate countries into regional groupings, it shows a pattern where there is an inverse aggregate relationship between AMR and usage. Poor infrastructure and corruption levels, however, are highly and positively correlated with antimicrobial resistance levels. Contagion, antibiotic volumes, governance, and the way antibiotics are used are profoundly affected by a host of social and economic factors. Only after we identify and adequately address these factors can antimicrobial resistance be better controlled.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.