ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Recent Topics on The Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Therapy-Related Neurotoxicities.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment-related neuroanatomical and functional consequences of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A comprehensive review of brain structure and function.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Ocular complications after liver transplantation: A comprehensive review of infectious and non-infectious etiologies.World journal of transplantation · 2026Review
- Post-Transplant Tremor: Characteristics and Differences Based on Sex and Post-Transplant Therapy.Neurology international · 2026Article
- New-Onset Psychotic Episode as the Primary Manifestation One Week After Liver Transplantation: A Case Report and Comprehensive Review About the Risk Factors.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Safety profiles of cyclosporine and tacrolimus in pregnancy: a pharmacovigilance analysis using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Neuroprotective and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Properties of Four Calcineurin Inhibitor Drugs: Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus, Cyclosporin A, and Voclosporin.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Neurotoxicity of Calcineurin Inhibitors.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of MRI-based brain oxygen extraction fraction mapping in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection and Plasma Cell ER Stress: Opportunities and Challenges with Calcineurin Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Clinical Practice Recommendations on Kidney Management in Methylmalonic Acidemia: an Expert Consensus Statement From ERKNet and MetabERN.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Late-onset tacrolimus-induced encephalopathy in lung transplant recipient: Case report.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Predictors of academic delay post-pediatric kidney transplant in the USA.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- The Effect of Chronic Immunosuppressive Regimen Treatment on Apoptosis in the Heart of Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An Artificial Intelligence-Based Digital Analysis of Immunolocalization of MMP2 and TIMP2 in the Jejunum of Rats Treated with Calcineurin Inhibitors.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Tacrolimus-induced cognitive impairment: a case report.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Article
- Ca2+-PP2B-PSD-95 axis: A novel regulatory mechanism of the phosphorylation state of Serine 295 of PSD-95.PloS one · 2024Article
- The Effect of Calcineurin Inhibitors on MMPs Activity in Heart and Their Side Effects-A Review of Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Association of mycophenolate and azathioprine use with cognitive function in systemic lupus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Screening of cognitive performance in kidney transplant recipients: a mini review.Frontiers in nephrology · 2023Review
- Donor Macrophages Modulate Rejection After Heart Transplantation.Circulation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although transplantation procedures have been developed for patients with end-stage hepatic insufficiency or other diseases, allograft rejection still threatens patient health and lifespan. Over the last few decades, the emergence of immunosuppressive agents such as calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have strikingly increased graft survival. Unfortunately, immunosuppressive agent-related neurotoxicity commonly occurs in clinical practice, with the majority of neurotoxicity cases caused by CNIs. The possible mechanisms through which CNIs cause neurotoxicity include increasing the permeability or injury of the blood-brain barrier, alterations of mitochondrial function, and alterations in the electrophysiological state. Other immunosuppressants can also induce neuropsychiatric complications. For example, mTOR inhibitors induce seizures, mycophenolate mofetil induces depression and headaches, methotrexate affects the central nervous system, the mouse monoclonal immunoglobulin G2 antibody (used against the cluster of differentiation 3) also induces headaches, and patients using corticosteroids usually experience cognitive alteration. Therapeutic drug monitoring, individual therapy based on pharmacogenetics, and early recognition of symptoms help reduce neurotoxic events considerably. Once neurotoxicity occurs, a reduction in the drug dosage, switching to other immunosuppressants, combination therapy with drugs used to treat the neuropsychiatric manifestation, or blood purification therapy have proven to be effective against neurotoxicity. In this review, we summarize recent topics on the mechanisms of immunosuppressive drug-related neurotoxicity. In addition, information about the neuroprotective effects of several immunosuppressants is also discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.