ReviewCells2019
Viroporins in the Influenza Virus.
Review in Cells, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbe-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides: Immunomodulation and Gut Microbiota Homeostasis.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Single-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles displaying stabilized prefusion-closed hemagglutinin trimers for influenza vaccine development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cepharanthine Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection by Blocking Viral Attachment to Host Cells.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Influenza Virus: Global Health Impact, Strategies, Challenges, Role of Nanotechnolgy in Influenza Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Structural Transition from Closed to Open for the Influenza A M2 Proton Channel as Observed by Proton-Detected Solid-State NMR.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- The SH protein of mumps virus is a druggable pentameric viroporin.Science advances · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Cholesterol in M2 Clustering and Viral Budding Explained.Journal of chemical theory and computation · 2025Article
- Nanoparticle‑based antiviral strategies to combat the influenza virus (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Review
- Recent advances of phenotypic screening strategies in the application of anti-influenza virus drug discovery.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Nanoparticles and Antiviral Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Article
- Carambolaside W Inhibited H1N1 Influenza Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress through STAT-3/BCL-XL Signaling Pathway.Viruses · 2023Article
- Immune response in influenza virus infection and modulation of immune injury by viral neuraminidase.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Polydopamine-based nanomedicines for efficient antiviral and secondary injury protection therapy.Science advances · 2023Article
- Antiviral Approaches against Influenza Virus.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Physical radiofrequency adjuvant enhances immune responses to influenza H5N1 vaccination.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Article
- Recent Progress in Recombinant Influenza Vaccine Development Toward Heterosubtypic Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza is a highly contagious virus that causes seasonal epidemics and unpredictable pandemics. Four influenza virus types have been identified to date: A, B, C, and D, where only A-C are known to infect humans. Influenza A (IAV) and B (IBV) viruses are responsible for seasonal influenza epidemics in humans and are responsible for up to a billion flu infections annually. The M2 protein is present in all influenza types and belongs to the class of viroporins (i.e., small proteins that form ion channels that increase membrane permeability in virus-infected cells). In influenza A and B, AM2 and BM2 are predominantly proton channels, although they also show some permeability to monovalent cations. In contrast, M2 proteins in influenza C (ICV) and D (IDV), CM2 and DM2, appear to be especially selective for chloride ions, with possibly some permeability to protons. These differences point to different biological roles for M2 in types A and B versus C and D, which is also reflected in their sequences. AM2 is by far the best characterized viroporin, and mechanistic details and rationale of its acid activation, proton selectivity, unidirectionality and relative low conductance are just beginning to be understood. The present review summarizes the biochemical and structural aspects of influenza viroporins and discusses the most relevant aspects of function, inhibition and interaction with the host.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.