ArticleAIDS (London, England)2019
HIV stigma and viral load among African-American women receiving treatment for HIV.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of HIV-Related Stigma on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, Engagement and Retention in HIV Care, and Transition to Adult HIV Care in Pediatric and Young Adult Populations Living With HIV: A Literature Review.AIDS and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Socio-demographic, clinical and service use determinants associated with HIV related stigma among people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC health services research · 2021Pooled it
- Disclosure Events and Psychosocial Well-Being Among Young South African Adults Living with HIV.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Trial
- HIV- and sex work-related stigmas and quality of life of female sex workers living with HIV in South Africa: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- A Scoping Review Assessing the Relationship Between Structural, Functional, and Perceived Social Support with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in the Last Decade.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of an Updated Internalized HIV Stigma Scale Among People Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- Reduced Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant Women With HIV With Intimate Partner Violence in the United States.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Impact of Childhood Household Violence on HIV-Related Outcomes in People With HIV in the United States: The Role of Psychological Distress and Social Stressors.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Using Bayesian item response theory for multicohort repeated measure design to estimate individual latent change scores.Psychological methods · 2025Article
- Measuring Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Stigma Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Western Kenya: Scale Development, Validation, and Associations with PrEP Adherence.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2025Article
- Latent Healthcare Stigma Profiles and Their Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Treatment and Care Outcomes Among Women With HIV in the United States: An Intersectional Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Client Satisfaction Study Among Persons Living with HIV Attending a Large HIV Treatment Centre in Trinidad.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The interplay of psychological distress, stigma, and social support in determining quality of life among Vietnamese people living with HIV.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- The impact of syndemic burden, age, and sexual minority status on internalized HIV stigma among people living with HIV in South Florida.Journal of health psychology · 2025Article
- Understanding Types of Stigma Experienced in Black Women Living With HIV in Baltimore, Maryland: A Mixed Methods Study.Nursing open · 2025Article
- 'I was like, this is gonna hurt': Implementing self-sampling of dried blood spots to measure HIV viral load.PloS one · 2025Article
- Research-based narrative videos to reduce stigma: insights from older women living with HIV.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Multiple marginalized identities and internalized HIV stigma among people living with HIV in South Florida: An intersectional approach.PloS one · 2025Article
- HIV Stigma is Associated with Two-Year Decline in Cognitive Performance Among People with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAfrican-American women are more likely than other women in the United States to experience poor HIV-related health; HIV stigma may contribute to these outcomes. This study assessed the relationship between HIV stigma and viral load, over time, among a sample of African-American women receiving treatment for HIV, and explored social support and depressive symptoms as mediators.
designSecondary analysis of longitudinal data.
methodsData came from a randomized trial of an intervention to reduce HIV stigma among African-American women in HIV care in Chicago, Illinois and Birmingham, Alabama. Sociodemographic and psychosocial data were collected at up to six study visits over 14 months. Viral loads were extracted from medical records during the study period. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to estimate associations among overall, internalized, and enacted HIV stigma and viral load over time. Mediation analyses were used to estimate indirect effects via social support and depressive symptoms.
resultsData from 234 women were analyzed. Overall HIV stigma was significantly associated with subsequent viral load (adjusted β = 0.24, P = 0.005). Both between-subject (adjusted β = 0.74, P < 0.001) and within-subject (adjusted β = 0.34, P = 0.005) differences in enacted stigma were associated with viral load. Neither social support nor depressive symptoms were statistically significant mediators.
conclusionOngoing experiences of HIV stigmatization may contribute to increased viral load among African-American women in primary HIV care. Interventions should aim to alleviate the consequences of stigma experienced by patients and prevent future stigmatization.
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Registered trials
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