ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020
Sources of Airborne Norovirus in Hospital Outbreaks.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying intra-hospital Norovirus GII transmission using whole-genome sequencing.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- [Development of a Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Detection of Genogroup Ⅱ Norovirus].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Article
- Article
- Person-to-Person Transmission During a Norovirus Outbreak in a Korean Kindergarten: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quantification and Genotyping of Norovirus in Aerosols from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Thailand.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- From air to insight: the evolution of airborne DNA sequencing technologies.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Review
- Rapid virucidal activity of an air sanitizer against aerosolized MS2 and Phi6 phage surrogates for non-enveloped and enveloped vertebrate viruses, including SARS-CoV-2.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Significant reduction in norovirus outbreaks and secondary transmission of acute gastroenteritis in Seoul schools following the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective epidemiological study.Journal of Yeungnam medical science · 2025Article
- Surveillance of norovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and bocavirus in air samples collected from a tertiary care hospital in Thailand.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Pilot Study of Aerosolization of Infectious Murine Norovirus in an Experimental Setup.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Recovery and Quantification of Norovirus in Air Samples from Experimentally Produced Aerosols.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Common and Potential Emerging Foodborne Viruses: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- An unusual diarrheal outbreak in the community in Eastern Thailand caused by Norovirus GII.3[P25].Virology journal · 2024Article
- Aerosol Transmission of Norovirus.Viruses · 2024Review
- Factors Associated with Carriage of Enteropathogenic and Non-Enteropathogenic Viruses: A Reanalysis of Matched Case-Control Data from the AFRIBIOTA Site in Antananarivo, Madagascar.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Use of Zebrafish Embryos To Reproduce Human Norovirus and To Evaluate Human Norovirus Infectivity Decay after UV Treatment.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Outbreaks in Shenyang from 2017 to 2021.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Factors driving norovirus transmission in long-term care facilities: A case-level analysis of 107 outbreaks.Epidemics · 2023Article
- Interventions to prevent surface transmission of an infectious virus based on real human touch behavior: a case study of the norovirus.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNoroviruses are the major cause of viral gastroenteritis. Disease transmission is difficult to prevent and outbreaks in health-care facilities commonly occur. Contact with infected persons and contaminated environments are believed to be the main routes of transmission. However, noroviruses have recently been found in aerosols and airborne transmission has been suggested. The aim of our study was to investigate associations between symptoms of gastroenteritis and the presence of airborne norovirus, and to investigate the size of norovirus-carrying particles.
methodsAir sampling was repeatedly performed close to 26 patients with norovirus infections. Samples were analyzed for norovirus RNA by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The times since each patient's last episodes of vomiting and diarrhea were recorded. Size-separating aerosol particle collection was performed.
resultsNorovirus RNA was found in 21 (24%) of 86 air samples from 10 different patients. Only air samples during outbreaks, or before a succeeding outbreak, tested positive for norovirus RNA. Airborne norovirus RNA was also strongly associated with a shorter time period since the last vomiting episode (odds ratio 8.1; P = .04 within 3 hours since the last vomiting episode). The concentrations of airborne norovirus ranged from 5-215 copies/m3, and detectable amounts of norovirus RNA were found in particles <0.95 µm and >4.51 µm.
conclusionsThe results suggest that recent vomiting is the major source of airborne norovirus and imply a connection between airborne norovirus and outbreaks. The presence of norovirus RNA in submicrometre particles indicates that airborne transmission can be an important transmission route.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.