SynthesisKnee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA2020
Healthy knees have a highly variable patellofemoral alignment: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Osteoarthritic knees have a highly variable patellofemoral alignment: a systematic review.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2021Pooled it
- MRI analysis of the physiological patellofemoral joint morphology of adult knees.Skeletal radiology · 2025Article
- Correlating quadriceps patellar tendon angle and lateral patellar tilt angle in patients with irregular alignment: a cross-sectional study with retrospective data.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Morphology and transverse alignment of the patella have no effect on knee gait characteristics in healthy Chinese adults over the age of 40 years.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Arthroscopic lateral retinacular release improves patello-femoral and femoro-tibial kinematics in patients with isolated lateral retinacular tightness.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2022Article
- Accuracy of tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance and tibial tuberosity-posterior cruciate ligament distance in terms of the severity of trochlear dysplasia.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2021Article
- Measurement of tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance by MRI: assessment and correction of knee positioning errors.Skeletal radiology · 2021Article
- Varus inclination of the tibia is related to patellofemoral osteoarthritis in Japanese female patients with moderate knee osteoarthritis.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2021Article
- Gender differences in femoral trochlea morphology.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2021Article
- Linear influence of distal femur osteotomy on the Q-angle: one degree of varization alters the Q-angle by one degree.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2021Article
- Sexual and ethnic polymorphism result in considerable mismatch between native trochlear geometry and off-the-shelf TKA prostheses.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2020Article
- A Contemporary Approach to Patellofemoral Pain in Runners.Journal of athletic training · 2020Article
- Reliability of the Oswestry-Bristol Classification for trochlear dysplasia: expanded characteristics.Bone & joint open · 2020Article
- Patellofemoral Mechanics: a Review of Pathomechanics and Research Approaches.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThere is still lack of knowledge regarding the variability of patellofemoral alignment in healthy, non-osteoarthritic knees, without patellofemoral instability. Therefore, a systematic review of the existing literature was performed to evaluate the variability of patellofemoral alignment.
methodsPatellofemoral alignment of the knee was defined by the following parameters: sulcus angle (SA), femoral trochlear depth (FTD), patellar tilt angle (PTA), lateral patellofemoral angle (LPFA), lateral femoral trochlear inclination (LFTI) and tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG). The electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from database inception to search date (January 11, 2019) and screened for relevant studies. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Articles reporting PF alignment measurements of healthy knees in patients between 15 years and 47 years were included.
resultsA total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies reported mean values and standard deviations for the SA between 118.7° ± 7 and 168°; for the FTD between 3.4 mm ± 1.1 and 7.1 mm ± 1.8; for the PTA between 0.7° ± 4.99 and 17.05° ± 4.3; for the LPFA between 6.26° ± 4.1 and 11.1° ± 4.0; for the LFTI between 16.3° ± 2.8 and 22.1° ± 1.9; and for the TT-TG between 9.8 mm ± 4.6 and 17.3 mm ± 5.3.
conclusionPatellofemoral alignment in the healthy knee is extremely variable. A more precise knowledge of the complex relationship between the patella and the trochlea may help to better diagnose PF disorders and eventually help in selecting the correct therapy. Furthermore, standardised imaging protocols and measurement techniques for patellofemoral parameters are needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
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Registered trials
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