Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31256022›Full record

Observational studyBMJ open2019

Patterns and co-occurrence of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in four Asian American communities: a cross-sectional study.

Susan L Stewart, Julie Ht Dang, Natalie J Török, Moon S Chen

Registry-linked trialAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02596438 (Thousand Asian American Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02596438 completednot on this map

Thousand Asian American Study (TAAS)

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorUniversity of California, DavisRan2012 to 2017Enrolled1,076ConditionsHepatitis BArmsHepatitis B
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Tobacco, Cigarettes, and the Liver: The Smoking Gun.Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology
    Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Susan L StewartPublic Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1593-440X
Julie Ht DangUC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.
Natalie J TörökDivision of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Moon S ChenUC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.

Funding

Staff InvestigatorsP30CA093373 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI Laura Marcu · 2002 to 2026
$84.9M
Research ProjectU54CA153499 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI CHEN, MOON SHAO-CHUANG, CHOW, EDWARD A. · 2010 to 2015
$6.7M
Phagocytosis and NOX2 in Liver FibrogenesisR01DK083283 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI TOROK, NATALIE J. · 2010 to 2019
$3.1M
Increasing HBV Testing & Linking to Care for Sacramento's Foreign-Born AsiansU51PS003941 · PS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI JAN, RONALD · 2012 to 2012
$100k
NCHHSTP CDC HHS U51 PS003941NCI NIH HHS P30 CA093373NCI NIH HHS U54 CA153499NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK083283
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate risk factor patterns and the simultaneous occurrence of multiple risk factors in the viral, metabolic and lifestyle domains among Asian Americans, who have had the highest mortality rates from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

settingSacramento County, California, USA.

participantsEligible participants were county residents ages 18 and older who had not been screened for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and were born in a CDC-defined endemic area or whose parent was born in that area. Of 1004 enrolled, 917 were foreign-born Chinese (130 women, 94 men), Hmong (133 women, 75 men), Korean (178 women, 90 men) or Vietnamese (136 women, 81 men) with complete risk factor data. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We tested participants for HBV and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV); measured haemoglobin A1c and waist circumference; and recorded self-reported history of diabetes, hypertension, alcohol use and smoking status. We identified risk factor patterns using cluster analysis and estimated gender-specific age-standardised prevalence rates.

resultsWe identified four patterns: (1) viral (chronic HBV or HCV); (2) lifestyle (current smoker or alcohol user, no viral); (3) metabolic (≥2 metabolic, no lifestyle or viral); and (4) lower risk (≤1 metabolic, no lifestyle or viral). Vietnamese men (16.3%, 95% CI 7.4% to 25.3%) and Hmong women (15.1%, 95% CI 7.8% to 22.5%) had the highest viral pattern prevalence. Hmong women had the highest metabolic (37.8%, 95% CI 29.8% to 45.9%), and Vietnamese men the highest lifestyle (70.4%, 95% CI 59.1% to 81.7%) pattern prevalence. In multiple domains, Hmong men and women were most likely to have viral+metabolic risk factors (men: 14.4%, 95% CI 6.0% to 22.7%; women: 11.9%, 95% CI 5.6% to 18.3%); Vietnamese men were most likely to have lifestyle+viral (10.7%, 95% CI 2.7% to 18.8%), and lifestyle+metabolic but not viral (46.4%, 95% CI 34.4% to 58.5%) risk factors.

conclusionsEfforts to reduce HCC must comprehensively address multiple risk factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02596438.

Indexed as

AsianAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAlcohol DrinkingAsiaCaliforniaCarcinoma, HepatocellularCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis C, ChronicHumansLife StyleLiver Neoplasmsepidemiologyhepatobiliary tumourspreventive medicinepublic health

Identifiers

PMID31256022
PMCPMC6609066

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.