ArticleParkinsonism & related disorders2019
Motor phenotype classification in moderate to advanced PD in BioFIND study.
Article in Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting Cognition and Affective Changes in Newly Diagnosed Parkinson's Disease Through Longitudinal Data-Driven Clustering.Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology · 2026Article
- Faster reaction times of CSF alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay predict the diffuse malignant subtype of Parkinson's disease at 10-year follow-up.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Faster reaction times of CSF Alpha-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assay predict the Diffuse Malignant subtype of Parkinson's Disease at 10-year follow-up.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- New diagnostic and staging framework applied to established PD in the BioFIND cohort.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Association of motor subtype and tremor type with Parkinson's disease progression: An exploratory longitudinal analysis.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and motor subtypes in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a prospective observational study.BMC neurology · 2024Observational
- Tips and tricks in tremor treatment.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- An interactive web application to identify early Parkinsonian non-tremor-dominant subtypes.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Laryngeal symptoms related to motor phenotypes in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2023Review
- Dysautonomia and REM sleep behavior disorder contributions to progression of Parkinson's disease phenotypes.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- Serum neurofilament light chain and postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) subtypes of Parkinson's disease in the MARK-PD study.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2022Article
- Stability of motor-nonmotor subtype in early-stage Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Alterations in Self-Aggregating Neuropeptides in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Parkinsonian Disorders.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- Immersive Technology for Cognitive-Motor Training in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Comprehensive subtyping of Parkinson's disease patients with similarity fusion: a case study with BioFIND data.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2021Article
- Clinical classification systems and long-term outcome in mid- and late-stage Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2021Article
- Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis for Parkinson Disease Motor Subtypes.Neurology. Genetics · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Relationship of Rest Tremor and Action Tremor in Parkinson's Disease.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Therapy of Parkinson's Disease Subtypes.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Review
- The impact of freezing of gait on functional dependency in Parkinson's disease with regard to motor phenotype.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThree motor phenotypes have been described in PD: postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) dominant, tremor-dominant (TD), and indeterminate (IND) subtype. These phenotypes have been associated with different cognitive trajectories, motor outcomes, and biomarkers profiles. However, whether motor subtype classifications change with treatment and disease progression is not well established.
methodsTo evaluate motor subtype ratio changes, we used the chi-square test for the off and on state motor subtypes for 115 PD participants in the BioFIND study and used repeated-measures analyses to evaluate longitudinal changes in 162 PD participants with five-year follow-up in the PPMI study.
resultsPIGD and TD subtypes in moderate to advanced PD participants change with dopaminergic agents. For those who shifted subtypes, improvement in tremor accounted for the transition of 15 (25.4%) TD participants, while the lack of tremor improvement along with minimal changes in PIGD score resulted in changes for eight (19.0%) PIGD individuals. Analyses of PPMI data revealed that all three subgroups had a significant decrease in subtype ratio with disease progression and a significant decline in subtype ratio occurred only in the TD subgroup with dopaminergic agents. The impact of dopaminergic medication effect on subtype shift for each visit was also more notable with disease advancement.
conclusionsMotor subtypes are not fixed but change with progression of the disease and with treatment. Improvement in tremor was the main contributor to motor phenotype transitions in the BioFIND cohort. A more stable classification system for subtypes based on underlying biological differences is desirable.
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