ArticleVision research2019
The association between L:M cone ratio, cone opsin genes and myopia susceptibility.
Article in Vision research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Control of myopia using diffusion optics spectacle lenses: 12-month results of a randomised controlled, efficacy and safety study (CYPRESS).The British journal of ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Cone Opsins and Inherited Retinal Disease.Cells · 2026Review
- Article
- Cross-sectional study of myopia prevalence and associated risk factors among children and adolescents in Shaanxi Province, China, in 2021.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- IMI-Interventions for Controlling Myopia Onset and Progression 2025.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Optical and Visual Diet in Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Diversity of Peripheral Refraction Patterns-Have These Been Oversimplified?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Refractive Error and Ocular Pathology of Children Examined in an Ophthalmological Practice in Moldova.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Proteomic signatures of retinal pigment epithelium-derived exosomes in myopic and non-myopic tree shrew eyes.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of myopia among school-aged children and adolescents in Xi'an, China.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Peripheral Contrast Reduction Optically Induced by Scattering Lenses Thickens Peripheral Choroid.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Foveal neural adaptation to optically induced contrast reduction.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- The Parameters Governing the Anti-Myopia Efficacy of Chromatically Simulated Myopic Defocus in Tree Shrews.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Establishing Functional Retina in a Dish: Progress and Promises of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Retinal Neuron Differentiation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- ON and OFF receptive field processing in the presence of optical scattering.Biomedical optics express · 2023Article
- Applications of Genomics and Transcriptomics in Precision Medicine for Myopia Control or Prevention.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Encephalopsin (OPN3) is required for normal refractive development and the GO/GROW response to induced myopia.Molecular vision · 2023Article
- Limitation of standard pseudoisochromatic plates in identifying colour vision deficiencies when compared with genetic testing.Acta ophthalmologica · 2022Article
- Seasonal Variation in Diurnal Rhythms of the Human Eye: Implications for Continuing Ocular Growth in Adolescents and Young Adults.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Variation and heritability of retinal cone ratios in a free-ranging population of rhesus macaques.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In syndromic forms of myopia caused by long (L) to middle (M) wavelength (L/M) interchange mutations, erroneous contrast signals from ON-bipolar cells activated by cones with different levels of opsin expression are suggested to make the eye susceptible to increased growth. This susceptibility is modulated by the L:M cone ratio. Here, we examined L and M opsin genes, L:M cone ratios and their association with common refractive errors in a population with low myopia prevalence. Cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry were obtained for Norwegian genetically-confirmed normal trichromats. L:M cone ratios were estimated from spectral sensitivity functions measured with full-field ERG, after adjusting for individual differences in the wavelength of peak absorption deduced from cone opsin genetics. Mean L:M cone ratios and the frequency of alanine at L opsin position 180 were higher in males than what has been reported in males in populations with high myopia prevalence. High L:M cone ratios in females were associated with lower degree of myopia, and myopia was more frequent in females who were heterozygous for L opsin exon 3 haplotypes than in those who were homozygous. The results suggest that the L:M cone ratio, combined with milder versions of L opsin gene polymorphisms, may play a role in common myopia. This may in part explain the low myopia prevalence in Norwegian adolescents and why myopia prevalence was higher in females who were heterozygous for the L opsin exon 3 haplotype, since females are twice as likely to have genetic polymorphisms carried on the X-chromosome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.