ReviewMycoses2019
Defining breakthrough invasive fungal infection-Position paper of the mycoses study group education and research consortium and the European Confederation of Medical Mycology.
Review in Mycoses, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 204 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breakthrough Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients With High-Risk Hematological Disorders Receiving Voriconazole and Posaconazole Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Pooled it
- The outcome and the risk factors of mucormycosis among patients with hematological diseases: a systematic and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Epidemiological study ofEpidemiology and infection · 2020Pooled it
- Demographic, Clinical, and Mycologic Differences Between Invasive Fungal Sinusitis and Pneumonia in Hematologic Malignancy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Failure in Invasive Fungal Infections: Beyond Antifungal Resistance-A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Practices of Antifungal Prophylaxis Among Italian Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Centers.EJHaem · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Failure in Invasive Fungal Infections: Causes, Clinical Consequences, and Mitigation Strategies.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Subtherapeutic posaconazole exposure during delayed-release tablet prophylaxis in high-risk patients with haematological malignancies: rationale for routine therapeutic drug monitoring.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Observational
- A breakthrough invasiveMedical mycology case reports · 2026Article
- Managing Breakthrough Fungal Infections in Hematologic Patients: Determinants and Practical Management from a Latin American Perspective on Behalf of INFOCUS LATAM-ISHAM Working Group.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Clinical Significance of Rare Non-Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Empirical Antifungal Treatment of Critically Ⅲ Patients With Influenza-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Propensity Score Weighted Observational Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Observational
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Invasive Aspergillosis in Patients with Hematological Malignancies and Transplantation and Cellular Therapies in the Contemporary Era.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- Persistence and spread of fluconazole-resistantMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Infections during AML induction chemotherapy in a contemporary cohort without fluoroquinolone prophylaxis.Infection · 2026Article
- Early Tacrolimus C0/D Ratio and Subsequent Proven Invasive Fungal Disease After Liver Transplantation with Routine Early Echinocandin Prophylaxis.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal disease in children with hematological malignancies after chemotherapy: Challenges and strategies (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Disseminated Mucormycosis with Characteristic Gastric Ulcers and Extensive Intravascular Invasion after ABO-Incompatible Living-Donor Liver Transplantation: A Case Report.Surgical case reports · 2026Article
- InvasiveJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Breakthrough invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have emerged as a significant problem in patients receiving systemic antifungals; however, consensus criteria for defining breakthrough IFI are missing. This position paper establishes broadly applicable definitions of breakthrough IFI for clinical research. Representatives of the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (MSG-ERC) and the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) reviewed the relevant English literature for definitions applied and published through 2018. A draft proposal for definitions was developed and circulated to all members of the two organisations for comment and suggestions. The authors addressed comments received and circulated the updated document for approval. Breakthrough IFI was defined as any IFI occurring during exposure to an antifungal drug, including fungi outside the spectrum of activity of an antifungal. The time of breakthrough IFI was defined as the first attributable clinical sign or symptom, mycological finding or radiological feature. The period defining breakthrough IFI depends on pharmacokinetic properties and extends at least until one dosing interval after drug discontinuation. Persistent IFI describes IFI that is unchanged/stable since treatment initiation with ongoing need for antifungal therapy. It is distinct from refractory IFI, defined as progression of disease and therefore similar to non-response to treatment. Relapsed IFI occurs after treatment and is caused by the same pathogen at the same site, although dissemination can occur. These proposed definitions are intended to support the design of future clinical trials and epidemiological research in clinical mycology, with the ultimate goal of increasing the comparability of clinical trial results.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.