ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2019
State and trait anger and its expression in cluster headache compared with migraine: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Personality Profiles in Cluster Headache Patients: A Comparative Analysis with Migraine Patients Using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The relation of cluster headache to alexithymia, depression, and anxiety.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024Article
- The impact of remission and coexisting migraine on anxiety and depression in cluster headache.The journal of headache and pain · 2020Article
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9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundAnger is involved in the emotional experience of pain. Individuals with migraine are more likely to hold their anger-in than controls. However, only one study evaluated anger in cluster headache (CH). The objective is to compare anger between migraine and CH patients.
methodsOne hundred thirty-five migraine and 108 CH patients completed the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2), composed of 7 subscales. State Anger measures the intensity of the individual's angry feelings at the time of testing. Trait Anger evaluates general predisposition to become angry. Anger Expression Out and Anger Expression In measure the extent to which anger could be overtly expressed or suppressed. Anger Control Out and Anger Control In evaluate how individual try to control the outward or inward expression of anger. Anger Expression Index is a general index.
resultsCH patients have higher median scores than migraine patients in State Anger (46 vs 44, p = 0.012). CH patients have lower scores in Anger Control Out (44 vs 50, p = 0.016). In subgroup analysis, CH patients during the cluster period have higher scores than chronic migraine patients in State Anger (47 vs 44, p = 0.035), while CH patients in headache-free period did not differ from migraine patients.
conclusionsMigraine and CH patients differ in state anger, indicating that CH patients experienced higher intensity of anger during the time of testing. These data add new information about emotional regulation in headache patients and could support the hypothesis of different emotional and behavioral responses to pain in migraine and CH patients.
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