ArticleScientific reports2019
Conventional and Specific-Pathogen Free Rats Respond Differently to Anesthesia and Surgical Trauma.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors influencing baseline electrocardiographic parameters in rats: A systematic review of experimental studies published from 1960 to the present.Physiological reports · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative analysis of anesthetic protocols in spontaneously hypertensive rats with sepsis-induced hemodynamic instability.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Housing RCS rats under specific pathogen-free conditions mildly ameliorates retinal degeneration and alters intestine microbiota.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Transforming research to improve therapies for trauma in the twenty-first century: an alternative perspective.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Article
- Changes in plasma alpha-1 acid glycoprotein following hemorrhagic trauma: Possible role in dose differences of ALM drug therapy in rat and pig resuscitation.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2023Article
- Advances in Rodent Experimental Models of Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The chemokine CCL17 is a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular aging.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gut Microbiota Composition and Serum Amino Acid Profile in Rats.Cells · 2022Article
- Immune dysfunction following severe trauma: A systems failure from the central nervous system to mitochondria.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Why are bleeding trauma patients still dying? Towards a systems hypothesis of trauma.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Specific Pathogen Free - A review of strategies in agriculture, aquaculture, and laboratory mammals and how they inform new recommendations for laboratory zebrafish.Research in veterinary science · 2021Review
- Housing conditions and microbial environment do not affect the efficacy of vaccines for treatment of opioid use disorders in mice and rats.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Major surgery leads to a proinflammatory phenotype: Differential gene expression following a laparotomy.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2021Article
- Validation of the relationship between coagulopathy and localization of hydroxyethyl starch on the vascular endothelium in a rat hemodilution model.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Natriuresis During an Acute Intravenous Sodium Chloride Infusion in Conscious Sprague Dawley Rats Is Mediated by a Blood Pressure-Independent αFrontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Donor Microbiota Composition and Housing Affect Recapitulation of Obese Phenotypes in a Human Microbiota-Associated Murine Model.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Trauma of major surgery: A global problem that is not going away.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2020Article
- Evaluation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Sepsis: A Randomized Controlled Porcine Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Living in a Hostile World: Inflammation, New Drug Development, and Coronavirus.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Specific-pathogen free (SPF) animals were introduced in the 1960s to minimize disease and infection as variables in biomedical research. Our aim was to examine differences in physiological response in rat colonies bred and housed in a conventional versus SPF facility, and implications for research. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and catheterized for blood and pressure monitoring, and electrocardiogram (ECG) leads implanted. Hematology was assessed, and coagulation profile using rotational thromboelastometry. Health screening was outsourced to Cerberus Sciences. SPF rats had significantly lower pulse pressure (38% decrease), arrhythmias and prolonged QTc (27% increase) compared to conventional rats. No arrhythmias were found in conventional rats. SPF rats had significantly higher white cell, monocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, and were hyperfibrinolytic, indicated by EXTEM maximum lysis >15%. Independent assessment revealed similar pathogen exclusion between colonies, with the exception of Proteus in SPF animals. Returning to a conventional facility restored normal host physiology. We conclude that SPF animals displayed an abnormal hemodynamic, hematological and hemostatic phenotype in response to anesthesia and surgery, and provide a number of recommendations to help standardize research outcomes and translation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.