ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
E-Cigarettes are More Addictive than Traditional Cigarettes-A Study in Highly Educated Young People.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vaping cessation interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tobacco control · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and determinants of e-cigarette use in South Asia: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Health Messaging Strategies for Vaping Prevention and Cessation Among Youth and Young Adults: A Systematic Review.Health communication · 2025Pooled it
- Electronic cigarettes and health outcomes: umbrella and systematic review of the global evidence.The Medical journal of Australia · 2023Pooled it
- Community-Driven Grassroots Intervention on Adolescent Vaping Attitudes, Harm Perceptions, and Knowledge: Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Trial
- Partial Nicotine Reduction and E-Cigarette Users' Puffing Behaviors Among Adults Aged 21 to 35 Years: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Prevalence and Correlates of Disposable E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Southern Poland.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- What is the Addictive Potential from Vaping?Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2026Article
- Smoking and Vaping Profiles of Healthcare Workers and Their Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding Vaping.Florence Nightingale journal of nursing · 2026Article
- Neurobehavioral Effects of "Dry Hit" Nicotine E-Cigarette Vapor Inhalation in Adolescent Wistar Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Vape-Associated lncRNA Transcript 1 (VALT1) Amplifies the Tumorigenic Effects of e-Cigarette Vapor in Lung Epithelial Cells.Non-coding RNA · 2026Article
- Factors Influencing Vaping Behaviors Based on Social Cognitive Theory: A Qualitative Study among Mexican-American College Students.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Assessment of withdrawal symptoms among e-cigarette users in Saudi Arabia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Assessment of the prevalence, knowledge, and perceptions of e-cigarette use among the Palestinian community: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Keep e-cigarette vaping away from juveniles: immediate interventions.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Article
- Patterns and Factors Associated with E-Cigarette Initiation and Transition Among University Students in Al-Madinah City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Grey matter morphometry in young adult e-cigarette users, tobacco cigarette users & non-using controls.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Multi-channel marketing exposure and psychoactive substance use in e-cigarettes: a cross-sectional study of Polish adolescents and young adults.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2025Article
- Redox Metabolomics of Menthol in Children's Plasma with Second-Hand Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Exposures.Advances in redox research · 2025Article
- Examining socio-economic disparities among e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers in three Canadian jurisdictions.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
E-cigarettes are often considered less addictive than traditional cigarettes. This study aimed to assess patterns of e-cigarette use and to compare nicotine dependence among cigarette and e-cigarette users in a group of highly educated young adults. From 3002 healthy adults, a representative group of 30 cigarette smokers, 30 exclusive e-cigarette users, and 30 dual users were recruited. A 25-item questionnaire was used to collect information related to the patterns and attitudes towards the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and its adapted version for e-cigarettes were used to analyze nicotine dependence in each of the groups. The nicotine dependence levels measured with FTND were over two times higher among e-cigarette users (mean 3.5) compared to traditional tobacco smokers (mean 1.6;
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