ArticlePloS one2019
The insulin-like growth factor 2 gene in mammals: Organizational complexity within a conserved locus.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- IGF-mediated glucose signalling is retained in adult naked mole-rats.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2026Article
- Evidence of a genomic basis for growth rate variation in a natural kelp population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Molecular Biology of Placental Transport of Calcium to the Human Foetus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The role of imprinting genes' loss of imprints in cancers and their clinical implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Human IGF2 Gene Epigenetic and Transcriptional Regulation: At the Core of Developmental Growth and Tumorigenic Behavior.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Insulin-like growth factor-2 is a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 (IGF-2) in Fibrosis.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Review
- The Insulin-like Growth Factor Signalling Pathway in Cardiac Development and Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Insulin-like growth factors: Ligands, binding proteins, and receptors.Molecular metabolism · 2021Review
- IGF2 is a potential factor in RAI-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer.Oncology letters · 2021Article
- Per1/Per2-Igf2 axis-mediated circadian regulation of myogenic differentiation.The Journal of cell biology · 2021Article
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 As a Possible Neuroprotective Agent and Memory Enhancer-Its Comparative Expression, Processing and Signaling in Mammalian CNS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Regulation of gene expression by growth hormone.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2020Review
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) Signaling in Colorectal Cancer-From Basic Research to Potential Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The secreted protein, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), plays a central role in fetal and prenatal growth and development, and is regulated at the genetic level by parental imprinting, being expressed predominantly from the paternally derived chromosome in mice and humans. Here, IGF2/Igf2 and its locus has been examined in 19 mammals from 13 orders spanning ~166 million years of evolutionary development. By using human or mouse DNA segments as queries in genome analyses, and by assessing gene expression using RNA-sequencing libraries, more complexity was identified within IGF2/Igf2 than was annotated previously. Multiple potential 5' non-coding exons were mapped in most mammals and are presumably linked to distinct IGF2/Igf2 promoters, as shown for several species by interrogating RNA-sequencing libraries. DNA similarity was highest in IGF2/Igf2 coding exons; yet, even though the mature IGF2 protein was conserved, versions of 67 or 70 residues are produced secondary to species-specific maintenance of alternative RNA splicing at a variable intron-exon junction. Adjacent H19 was more divergent than IGF2/Igf2, as expected in a gene for a noncoding RNA, and was identified in only 10/19 species. These results show that common features, including those defining IGF2/Igf2 coding and several non-coding exons, were likely present at the onset of the mammalian radiation, but that others, such as a putative imprinting control region 5' to H19 and potential enhancer elements 3' to H19, diversified with speciation. This study also demonstrates that careful analysis of genomic and gene expression repositories can provide new insights into gene structure and regulation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.