ArticleBrain and behavior2019
Olfactory discrimination in disorders of consciousness: A new sniff protocol.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Unmet Need of Olfactory Testing in Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Airways-An EAACI Position Paper.Allergy · 2026Review
- Integrating olfactory assessments in consciousness disorders: methodologies and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Sleuthing subjectivity: a review of covert measures of consciousness.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: A Gap Analysis and Scientific Roadmap.Neurocritical care · 2024Review
- Cognitive Motor Dissociation: Gap Analysis and Future Directions.Neurocritical care · 2024Article
- Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction: a scoping review of assessment and rehabilitation approaches.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- New Behavioral Signs of Consciousness in Patients with Severe Brain Injuries.Seminars in neurology · 2022Article
- Preservation of Language Processing and Auditory Performance in Patients With Disorders of Consciousness: A Multimodal Assessment.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Studies - During Resting State and Sensory Stimulation in Disorders of Consciousness: A Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Review
- Olfactory discrimination in disorders of consciousness: A new sniff protocol.Brain and behavior · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe identification of salient stimuli useful for rehabilitation purposes is important in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC): among these, olfactory stimuli might play an important role due to the functional coupling between olfactory and emotional processing. However, a high percentage of post brain injury patients present anosmia. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim of this pilot research is to present an innovative approach to test olfactory functions at the bedside using four selected odors in patients with DOC.
methodsSixteen patients with DOC were tested with two assessment techniques the new olfactory discrimination protocol (ODP) and a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to evaluate olfactory neural process. The Frequentist and Bayesian methods were used to analyze reliability properties of the new tool.
resultsAnalysis showed a good agreement between assessment techniques and a substantial test-retest reliability of the ODP. Cohen's Ks were equal to 0.814 (95% CI = 0.471, 1) and 0.607 (0.118; 1) respectively, using the Frequentist approach, while they were 0.762 (95% HPD = 0.470; 0.966) and 0.650 (0.320; 0.913) with the Bayesian approach in the 11 patients analyzed.
conclusionsDespite the limits of this preliminary research, the ODP can be useful for clinicians for the preliminary assessment of the olfactory discrimination in patients with DOC.
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