ArticleYonsei medical journal2019
Effect of Statins, Metformin, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Article in Yonsei medical journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Oral Metformin Use and the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Insights into the modulation of age-related macular degeneration: Molecular and systems-level perspectives.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- The impact of systemic long-term medications for the development of age-related macular degeneration.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Metformin and the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.JAMA ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Different Therapeutic Approaches for Dry and Wet AMD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Intravitreal Metformin Protects Against Choroidal Neovascularization and Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Unveiling Statins and Genetics in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Coimbra Eye Study-Report 9.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Article
- Association of Metformin and Other Diabetes Medication Use and the Development of New-Onset Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Repurposing medications for treatment of age-related macular degeneration: Insights from novel approaches to data mining.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Effects of medications on hypoxia-inducible factor in the retina: A review.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2023Review
- The Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Is Reduced in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Use Metformin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dose-response association of metformin use and risk of age-related macular degeneration among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Repurposing Drugs for Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and risk of age-related macular degeneration in individuals with hypertension.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Article
- Metformin and retinal diseases in preclinical and clinical studies: Insights and review of literature.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Association of metformin and development of dry age-related macular degeneration in a U.S. insurance claims database.European journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- The Relationship between Statin and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeStatins, metformin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been suggested for treating age-related macular degeneration (AMD) due to their pleiotropic effects. Therefore, we investigated whether these drugs prevent AMD. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe conducted a nested case-control study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Using risk-set sampling of age, sex, cohort entry date, and follow-up duration, we identified incident patients with AMD and 10 matching controls in cohorts with diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases. Exposure was assessed within one year before the index date using patient prescription records. We conducted conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the association between cardiovascular medications and AMD.
resultsOur study included 2330 cases and 23278 controls from a cohort of 231274 patients. The ORs (95% CI) for AMD occurrence in users prescribed with statins, metformin, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs were 1.12 (0.94-1.32), 1.15 (0.91-1.45), 0.90 (0.61-1.34), and 1.21 (1.05-1.39), respectively. A duration-response was not observed.
conclusionStatins, metformin, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs did not inhibit AMD in elderly patients. The absence of a duration-response supports the lack of a causal relationship.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.