ArticleJournal of assisted reproduction and genetics2019
Low total motile sperm in transgender women seeking hormone therapy.
Article in Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The impact of tucking on fertility among transgender women: A systematic review.International journal of transgender health · 2026Review
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy: Effect on semen quality and use of fertility preservation.Andrology · 2026Review
- Semen Cryopreservation and Semen Quality in Transfeminine Adolescents Prior to Hormone Therapy.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- "I was largely unguided trying to figure it out on my own": Experiences of genital tucking among transfeminine and gender diverse individuals.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Tucking Practices and Attributed Health Effects in Transfeminine Individuals.Transgender health · 2024Article
- Clinical management of transgender and non-binary patients in the fertility preservation service: Current evidence.International journal of transgender health · 2024Review
- Fertility, Contraception, and Fertility Preservation in Trans Individuals.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Review
- Fertility preservation in pediatric healthcare: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Fertility preservation options for transgender and nonbinary individuals.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Review
- Social media engagement with transgender fertility content.F&S reports · 2022Article
- Adolescent Transgender Females Present Impaired Semen Quality That Is Suitable for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Even Before Initiating Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8.International journal of transgender health · 2022Article
- Adult transgender care: A review for urologists.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2021Review
- The effect of estrogen therapy on spermatogenesis in transgender women.F&S reports · 2021Article
- Systematic review of fertility preservation options in transgender patients: a guide for plastic surgeons.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Review
- Impaired semen quality in trans women: prevalence and determinants.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study was undertaken to compare semen quality, hormonal status, and social factors in transgender women seeking fertility preservation with those of fertile cisgender men. Long-range goals are to establish standard practice measures ensuring optimum semen quality for cryopreservation and fertility preservation in transgender women.
methodsThis is a case-control study carried out at an academic medical center. Cases are transgender women seeking fertility preservation prior to initiation of hormone therapy. Controls are cisgender men recently fathering a child. All participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 survey and additional survey questions related to personal behaviors. Complete semen analysis was carried out in a clinical andrology laboratory according to WHO guidelines, 5th edition. Serum follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol, and testosterone were measured at the time of semen analysis.
resultsSperm concentration, total sperm per ejaculate, total motile sperm, volume, and normal sperm morphology were significantly lower in transgender females compared with fertile cisgender men. Other measures of semen parameters and hormone concentrations were not different between groups. Survey results indicated transgender women were more likely to have symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and utilize tucking and tight undergarments, compared with controls; however, both groups reported similar numbers of ejaculations per week.
conclusionsAlthough semen parameters were low, cryopreservation of sperm prior to hormone therapy is a viable fertility preservation option for most transgender women. The etiology of the differences in semen parameters is not known. Enhanced education related to personal behaviors or treatment to reduce effects of stressors prior to cryopreservation may improve future fertility potential.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.