ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2020
Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Induces Tonsillar Follicular T Helper Cell Responses That Correlate With Antibody Induction.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01866540 (The Systemic And Local Immune Response To Intranasal Influenza Vaccination), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Systemic And Local Immune Response To Intranasal Influenza Vaccination
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal and transcriptional programming of effector memory B cells shapes vaccine platform-dependent humoral immunity.iScience · 2026Article
- Designing the Next Generation of Antibiotics: Structure, SAR, and Strategy in Medicinal Chemistry (2000-2025).Medicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- Local B cell immunity and durable memory after live-attenuated influenza intranasal vaccination of humans.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Divergent phenotypic and functional roles of human T follicular helper cells from infancy to adulthood.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines: mechanisms, platforms, and translational progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Replication in human cells supersedes serum antigenic match for the in vivo efficacy of an A/H1N1pdm09 LAIV virus.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Overview of mucosal immunity and respiratory infections in children: a focus on Africa.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Defining the balance between optimal immunity and immunopathology in influenza virus infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Meeting Report From "Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic".Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Sequential immunization with chimeric hemagglutinin ΔNS1 attenuated influenza vaccines induces broad humoral and cellular immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Impact of Pre-Existing Immunity and Age on Antibody Responses to Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Pandemic H1N1 influenza virus triggers a strong T helper cell response in human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissues.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- ATP-P2X7R pathway activation limits the Tfh cell compartment during pediatric RSV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Tonsil explants as a humanFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Characteristics and Roles of T Follicular Helper Cells in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Response.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Development of Nasal Vaccines and the Associated Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Mucosal vaccines - fortifying the frontiers.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza remains a major threat to public health. Live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) have been shown to be effective, particularly in children. Follicular T helper (TFH) cells provide B-cell help and are crucial for generating long-term humoral immunity. However the role of TFH cells in LAIV-induced immune responses is unknown.
methodsWe collected tonsils, plasma, and saliva samples from children and adults receiving LAIV prior to tonsillectomy. We measured influenza-specific TFH-cell responses after LAIV by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Systemic and local antibody responses were analysed by hemagglutination inhibition assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsWe report that LAIV induced early (3-7 days post-vaccination) activation of tonsillar follicles and influenza-specific TFH-cell (CXCR5+CD57+CD4+ T cell) responses in children, and to a lesser extent in adults. Serological analyses showed that LAIV elicited rapid (day 14) and long-term (up to 1 year post-vaccination) antibody responses (hemagglutination inhibition, influenza-specific IgG) in children, but not adults. There was an inverse correlation between pre-existing influenza-specific salivary IgA concentrations and tonsillar TFH-cell responses, and a positive correlation between tonsillar TFH-cell and systemic IgG induction after LAIV.
conclusionsOur data, taken together, demonstrate an important role of tonsillar TFH cells in LAIV-induced immunity in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.