Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31249057›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2019

Color and orientation are jointly coded and spatially organized in primate primary visual cortex.

Anupam K Garg, Peichao Li, Mohammad S Rashid, Edward M Callaway

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Perceptual and neural constraints on photometric measures of heterochromatic brightness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
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  9. The representation of object concepts across the brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  10. Large-Scale Color Biases in the Retinotopic Functional Architecture Are Region Specific and Shared across Human Brains.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
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  19. Article
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22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anupam K Garg *The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0744-5139
Peichao Li *The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5761-9435
Mohammad S RashidThe Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7884-4954
Edward M CallawayThe Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. callaway@salk.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6366-5267

Funding

MEDICAL SCIENTIST TRAINING PROGRAMT32GM007198 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CHI, NEIL C, INSEL, PAUL A · 1985 to 2024
$29.3M
Organization and Function of Visual Cortical Feedback SystemsR01EY022577 · NEI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI EDWARD M CALLAWAY · 2012 to 2026
$8.0M
Methodologically-Integrated Approaches Linking Cell Types to Neural Circuits and FunctionR21NS105129 · NINDS · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI CALLAWAY, EDWARD M · 2017 to 2018
$534k
In vivo optogenetic modulation of inhibitory interneuron subtypes in primary visual cortexF30EY028084 · NEI · SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES · PI GARG, ANUPAM · 2017 to 2019
$129k
NEI NIH HHS F30 EY028084NEI NIH HHS R01 EY022577NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS105129
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previous studies support the textbook model that shape and color are extracted by distinct neurons in primate primary visual cortex (V1). However, rigorous testing of this model requires sampling a larger stimulus space than previously possible. We used stable GCaMP6f expression and two-photon calcium imaging to probe a very large spatial and chromatic visual stimulus space and map functional microarchitecture of thousands of neurons with single-cell resolution. Notable proportions of V1 neurons strongly preferred equiluminant color over achromatic stimuli and were also orientation selective, indicating that orientation and color in V1 are mutually processed by overlapping circuits. Single neurons could precisely and unambiguously code for both color and orientation. Further analyses revealed systematic spatial relationships between color tuning, orientation selectivity, and cytochrome oxidase histology.

Indexed as

AnimalsColor PerceptionElectron Transport Complex IVFemaleMacaca fascicularisNeuroimagingNeuronsOrientationSpatial BehaviorVisual CortexElectron Transport Complex IV

Identifiers

PMID31249057
PMCPMC6689325

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.