ArticleCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2019
Interactions between Police and Persons Who Experience Homelessness and Mental Illness in Toronto, Canada: Findings from a Prospective Study.
Article in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- A randomized trial of permanent supportive housing for chronically homeless persons with high use of publicly funded services.Health services research · 2020Trial
- Substance use disorder in forensic hospitals: A scoping review of practices and interventions.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Review
- Patterns of police interactions with people experiencing homelessness and mental illness.The police journal · 2025Article
- Using Instruction-Tuned Large Language Models to Identify Indicators of Vulnerability in Police Incident Narratives.Journal of quantitative criminology · 2025Article
- Community experiences with police and implications for public health: A focus group study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Decriminalization thresholds for drug possession: A multi-criteria policy analysis framework.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Multivariable modelling of factors associated with criminal convictions among people experiencing homelessness and serious mental illness: a multi-year study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The impact of a Housing First intervention and health-related risk factors on incarceration among people with experiences of homelessness and mental illness in Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to describe interactions between police and persons who experience homelessness and serious mental illness and explore whether housing status is associated with police interactions.
methodWe conducted a secondary analysis of 2008 to 2013 data from the Toronto, Canada, site of the At Home/Chez Soi study. Using police administrative data, we calculated the number and types of police interactions, the proportion of charges for acts of living and administration of justice, and the proportion of occurrences due to victimization, involuntary psychiatric assessment, and suicidal behavior. Using generalized estimating equations, we estimated the odds of police interaction by housing status.
resultsThis study included 547 adults with mental illness who were homeless at baseline. In the year prior to randomization, 55.8% of participants interacted with police, while 51.7% and 43.0% interacted with police in Study Years 1 and 2, respectively. Of 2,228 charges against participants, 12.6% were due to acts of living and 21.2% were for administration of justice. Of 518 occurrences, 41.1% were for victimization, 45.6% were for mental health assessment, and 22.2% were for suicidal behavior. The odds of any police interaction during the past 90 days was 47% higher for those who were homeless compared to those who were stably housed (95% CI 1.26 to 1.73).
conclusionsFor people who experience homelessness and mental illness in Toronto, Canada, interactions with police are common. The provision of stable housing and changes in policy and practice could decrease harms and increase health benefits associated with police interactions for this population.
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