ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2019
Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks - United States, 2009-2017.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Awareness of Microbiological Safety in Playgrounds Amid Rising Antibiotic Resistance.Environmental microbiology reports · 2025Pooled it
- Novel inhibitors against Cryptosporidium parvum through blocking its energy metabolism.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Functional Characterization and Inhibition Analysis of a Glutathione Transferase fromPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A comprehensive proteome and the first phosphoproteome reveal extensive phosphorylation of carbohydrate metabolism in Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- From conventional to biosensor-based detection ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2026Review
- Azithromycin Mitigates Experimental Cryptosporidiosis-Driven Ileocecal Adenocarcinoma by Modulating Autophagy, Apoptosis, and PI3K/AKT Signaling.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Persistence of protozoan parasites andApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Large-scale molecular epidemiological survey ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Severe Cryptosporidiosis Following Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy in a Patient With Metastatic Mucosal Melanoma.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among children in India.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- Insights into the lifecycle of Cryptosporidium and compounds targeting developmental stages.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Comparison of zoonotic enteric disease outbreaks associated with ruminant and non-ruminant animal contact - United States, 2013-2021.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Coprological and molecular prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in cattle and irrigation water from Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in central and western Inner Mongolia, China.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacy of BKI-1708, an inhibitor of Cryptosporidium calcium-dependent protein kinase 1.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- New T2T assembly of Cryptosporidium parvum IOWA II annotated with Legacy-Compatible Gene identifiers.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Permeabilization ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- SKSR1 identified as key virulence factor in Cryptosporidium by genetic crossing.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Calcium-dependent protein kinases 2A involved in the growth of both asexual and sexual stages of Cryptosporidium parvum.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a parasite that causes cryptosporidiosis, a profuse, watery diarrhea that can last up to 3 weeks in immunocompetent patients and can lead to life-threatening malnutrition and wasting in immunocompromised patients.* Fecal-oral transmission can occur by ingestion of contaminated recreational water, drinking water, or food, or through contact with infected persons or animals. For the period 2009-2017, public health officials from 40 states and Puerto Rico voluntarily reported 444 cryptosporidiosis outbreaks resulting in 7,465 cases. Exposure to treated recreational water (e.g., in pools and water playgrounds) was associated with 156 (35.1%) outbreaks resulting in 4,232 (56.7%) cases. Other predominant outbreak exposures included contact with cattle (65 outbreaks; 14.6%) and contact with infected persons in child care settings (57; 12.8%). The annual number of reported cryptosporidiosis outbreaks overall increased an average of approximately 13% per year over time. Reversing this trend will require dissemination of prevention messages to discourage swimming or attending child care while ill with diarrhea and encourage hand washing after contact with animals. Prevention and control measures can be optimized by improving understanding of Cryptosporidium transmission through regular analysis of systematically collected epidemiologic and molecular characterization data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.