SynthesisJBJS reviews2019
Size and Shape of the Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament and the Impact of Sex and Skeletal Growth: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in JBJS reviews, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tubularization of Bone-Tendon-Bone Grafts: Effects on Mechanical Strength and Postoperative Knee Stability in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Trial
- The posterior cruciate ligament-posterior femoral cortex angle (PCL-PCA): A precise indicator of knee decompensation in skeletally immature anterior cruciate ligament-injured patients.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2026Article
- Combined ACL-MCL Injuries: Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Clinical Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Smaller Width Quadriceps Tendon Grafts Maintain Advantageous Biomechanical Properties for ACL Reconstruction.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- A small notch width index, steeper medial and lateral tibial slope and higher lateral/medial tibial slope ratio are relevant knee morphological factors for ACL injuries in skeletally immature patients-A systematic review.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- The Clinical Significance of Femoral and Tibial Anatomy for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and ReconstructionCurrent medical imaging · 2025Review
- Effect of Age on the Biomechanical Properties of Porcine LCL.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Can patient anthropometry predict the anterior cruciate ligament footprint dimensions? - An MRI-based observational study on north Indian population.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma · 2024Article
- A Novel Predictor of the Length and Size of ACL Grafts in Chinese Han Adults for ACL Reconstruction: An MRI Study.Orthopaedic surgery · 2024Article
- ACL Volume Measurement Using a Multi-truncated Pyramid Shape Simulation.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2023Article
- Foot length - A reliable predictor of posterior tibial tendon thickness: A cadaveric study.Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma · 2023Article
- A Surgical Technique for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Semitendinosus Graft: An All-Inside Transfemoral Approach.Arthroscopy techniques · 2023Article
- Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging analysis shows sex-specific patterns in changes in anterior cruciate ligament cross-sectional area along its length.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023Article
- Current trends in graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction - part I: anatomy, biomechanics, graft incorporation and fixation.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2023Article
- Effect of Cross-sectional Area of the Hamstring Tendon Autograft on Failure Rate or Clinical Outcomes After Double-Bundle ACL Reconstruction: Tendon Autograft.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Estimating the adequacy of the free quadriceps tendon autograft length using anthropometric measures in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2022Article
- Age- and sex-specific differences in ACL and ACL bundle size during adolescent growth.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2022Article
- Six Percent Incidence of Graft-Tunnel Mismatch in Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Bone-Patella Tendon-Bone Autograft and Anteromedial Portal Drilling.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and surgical reconstruction in both skeletally immature and mature populations have led to many studies investigating the size and shape of the healthy ligament. The purposes of the present study were to compile existing quantitative measurements of the geometry of the ACL, its bundles, and its insertion sites and to describe effects of common covariates such as sex and age.
methodsA search of the Web of Science was conducted for studies published from January 1, 1900, to April 11, 2018, describing length, cross-sectional area, volume, orientation, and insertion sites of the ACL. Two reviewers independently screened and reviewed the articles to collect quantitative data for each parameter.
resultsQuantitative data were collected from 92 articles in this systematic review. In studies of adults, reports of average ACL length, cross-sectional area, and volume ranged from 26 to 38 mm, 30 to 53 mm, and 854 to 1,858 mm, respectively. Reported values were commonly found to vary according to sex and skeletal maturity as well as measurement technique.
conclusionsAlthough the geometry of the ACL has been described widely in the literature, quantitative measurements can depend on sex, age, and measurement modality, contributing to variability between studies. As such, care must be taken to account for these factors. The present study condenses measurements describing the geometry of the ACL, its individual bundles, and its insertion sites, accounting for common covariates when possible, to provide a resource to the clinical and scientific communities. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Quantitative measures of ACL geometry are informative for developing clinical treatments such as ACL reconstruction. Age and sex can impact these parameters.
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