ArticleBMJ open ophthalmology2019
Protective effects of blue light-blocking shades on phototoxicity in human ocular surface cells.
Article in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of blue light and blue-light protection eyeglass lenses on the oxidative status of mouse corneas.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
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- Multifaceted mitochondrial as a novel therapeutic target in dry eye: insights and interventions.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- Blue Light and Digital Screens Revisited: A New Look at Blue Light from the Vision Quality, Circadian Rhythm and Cognitive Functions Perspective.Journal of biomedical physics & engineering · 2024Review
- Light-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for retinal drug delivery: design cues, challenges and future perspectives.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Blue Light Exposure: Ocular Hazards and Prevention-A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Review
- Influence of Light-EmittingDiode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Rat Ocular Surface.Journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Can Nutrition Play a Role in Ameliorating Digital Eye Strain?Nutrients · 2022Review
- A review of the current state of research on artificial blue light safety as it applies to digital devices.Heliyon · 2022Review
- The facilitating effect of blue light on the antifungal agent susceptibilities of passaged conidia from the ocular-derived Fusarium solani species complex.Lasers in medical science · 2022Article
- Is dry eye disease the same in young and old patients? A narrative review of the literature.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Blue Light-Induced Retinal Neuronal Injury and Amelioration by Commercially Available Blue Light-Blocking Lenses.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sleep and subjective happiness between the ages 40 and 59 in relation to presbyopia and dry eye.PloS one · 2021Article
- Loss of Concentration May Occur by Blink Inhibition in DED Simulation Models.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveBlue light hazards for retina and ocular surface have been repeatedly described and many protective methods are introduced for retina; however, no study has been conducted on ocular surface protection. The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine phototoxicity and shade protection after blue light irradiation in primary human cells of corneal surface origin. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Primary human cells of corneal surface origin were obtained from eye bank eyes. After blue light irradiation (405 nm) of these cells for 3 min, and a further 24 hours' incubation, surviving viable cells were assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Simultaneously, cell viability was determined in wells covered by ultraviolet and blue light shades.
resultsUnder subconfluent conditions, viable cells decreased by around 50% after blue light irradiation, compared with control cells without irradiation. The blue light phototoxicity was not blocked by the control shade, but the ultraviolet-blocking and blue light-blocking shades protected the cells from phototoxicity, producing a 30%-40% reduction (ultraviolet) and 15%-30% reduction (blue light) in viable cells.
conclusionThese results indicate that blue light injures ocular surface cells and the cells are protected from damage by a shade. We recommend blue light protection to maintain ocular health, especially in high-risk populations, such as people with dry eye, contact lens users, the malnourished and the elderly.
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